Chhattisgarh: Agriculture

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Current Status:

agriculture is counted as the chief economic occupation of the state. According to a government estimate, net sown area of the state is 4.828 million hectares and the gross sown area is 5.788 million hectares. About 80% of the Population of the state is rural and the main livelihood of the villagers is agriculture and agriculture-based small Industry.Horticulture-2/”>Horticulture and Animal Husbandry also engage a major share of the total population of the state. Chhattisgarh is also called the “rice bowl of central India”

The majority of the farmers are still practicing the traditional methods of cultivation, resulting in low Growth rates and productivity. The farmers have to be made aware of modern technologies suitable to their holdings. Providing adequate knowledge to the farmers is essential for better implementation of the agricultural development plans and to improve the productivity.

Considering this and a very limited irrigated area, the productivity of not only rice but also other crops is low, hence the farmers are unable to obtain economic benefits from agriculture and it has remained as subsistence agriculture till now.

Agricultural products:

The main crops are rice, maize,kodo-kutki and other small Millets and pulses; oilseeds, such as groundnuts , soybeans and sunflowers, are also grown. Kodo Millet is used as Life Saving Medicine in Chhattisgarh.

In the mid-1990s, most of Chhattisgarh was still a monocrop belt. Only one-fourth to one-fifth of the sown area was double-cropped. When a very substantial portion of the population is dependent on agriculture, a situation where almost 80% of a state’s area is covered only by one crop, immediate attention to turn them into double crop areas is needed.

Fruit Crops – The major fruit crops grown in Chhattisgarh state are Mango, Guava, Lime, Litchi, Cashew-nut, Cheku etc., apart from these major fruit crops minor fruits like Sitafal, Bael, Ber, Anola etc., are also grown both as cultivated and wild crop. The total area of the fruit crops in the state is 2,39,676 Ha. along with the production of 23,28,811 MT in the year 2015-2016. Agro climatically Mango can be grown in the whole part of the state successfully while the northern hilly area of Sarguja and Jashpur district is suitable for production of Litchi. Cashew nut can be grown well in the plateau region of the Bastar&Raigarh district

Spices – Chili, Ginger, Garlic, Turmeric, Coriander &Methi are the major spices grown in the state. The total area of spices recorded in year 2015-2016 was 93,662 Ha. with the production of 6,59,192 MT.

Aromatic & Medicinal Plants – The medicinal crops grown in the state are Ashwagandha, Serpagandha, Satawar, Butch, Aonla, Tikhur etc. Some aromatic crops like Lemongrass, Pamarosa, Jamarosa, Patchauli, E.citridora are promoted by the department for commercial cultivation among farmers. The present area of aromatic and medicinal crops in the state is 8529 Ha. with the production of 59,972 MT in the year 2015-2016.

Flowers – Area under flower cultivation is negligible in the state. With the formation of new state the demand of flowers is increasing day-by-day, to meet out the growing demand of flowers it is essential to promote commercial floriculture among the farmers. The major flowers like Marry-gold, Tuberose, Gladiolus, Roses, Gaillardia, Chrysanthemum, Orchids etc., can be grown very well without much care. The present area under floriculture in the state is 11 thousand Ha. with the production of 53 thousand MT. approximately in the year 2015-2016.

Vegetables – Mostly all Vegetable Crops like Solaneious crops, Cucurbits, Beans, Cabbage, Cauliflower etc., are grown very well in the state. The total area of vegetable crops in the state was recorded 4,38,849 Ha. in the year 2015-2016 with the production of 60,61,801 MT.

 Agriculture and Irrigation

Chhattisgarh has a limited irrigation system, with Dams and canals on some rivers. Average rainfall in the state is around 1400 mm and the entire state falls under the rice agroclimatic zone. Large variation in the yearly rainfall directly affects the production of rice. Irrigation is the prime need of the state for its overall development and therefore the State Government has given top priority to development of irrigation.

In Chhattisgarh, rice, the main crop, is grown on about 77% of the net sown area. Only about 20% of the area is under irrigation; the rest depends on rain.

Of the three agroclimatic zones, about 73% of the Chhattisgarh plains, 97% of the Bastar plateau and 95% of the northern hills are rainfed.

In Chhattisgarh region about 22% of net cropped area was under irrigation as compared to 36.5% in Madhya Pradesh in 1998-99, whereas the average national irrigation was about 40%. The irrigation is characterized by a high order of variability ranging from 1.6% in Bastar to 75.0% in Dhamtari. Based on an average growth trend in irrigated area, about 0.43% additional area is brought under irrigation every year as compared to 1.89% in Madhya Pradesh and 1.0% in the country as a whole. Thus, irrigation has been growing at a very low rate in Chhattisgarh and the pace of irrigation is so slow, it would take about 122 years to reach the 75% level of net irrigated area in Chhattisgarh at the present rate of growth.

Horticulture is growing popularity owing to the high value of horticulture produces than agriculture crops. However, there needs to be a greater impetus in boosting the irrigation Resources of the state and in promoting horticulture in intensive mode in the state. According to the old and existing data, a brief analysis is made on the status of Horticulture in the state which is furnished below. However, fresh efforts are being made to generate and compile statistical data through systematic data collection on Horticulture crops in the state.

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Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy, employing over 50% of the country’s workforce. It is also the largest contributor to the country’s GDP, accounting for over 15% of the total.

Chhattisgarh is one of the major agricultural states in India. The state has a rich agricultural heritage, and agriculture is the main source of livelihood for over 70% of the population. The state is known for its production of rice, wheat, pulses, oilseeds, sugarcane, and Cotton.

Agriculture in Chhattisgarh is mainly rain-fed. The state receives an average annual rainfall of 1,200 mm, which is sufficient for the cultivation of a variety of crops. The state also has a number of irrigation projects, which help to improve the productivity of the land.

The main crops grown in Chhattisgarh are rice, wheat, pulses, oilseeds, sugarcane, and cotton. Rice is the major crop, accounting for over 40% of the total cultivated area. Wheat is the second major crop, followed by pulses, oilseeds, sugarcane, and cotton.

The state has a number of agricultural universities and research institutes, which are working to improve the productivity of agriculture in the state. The state government is also providing a number of subsidies and incentives to farmers to encourage them to adopt modern agricultural practices.

Agriculture in Chhattisgarh is facing a number of challenges, including low productivity, lack of irrigation facilities, poor Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE, and lack of access to credit. The state government is taking a number of steps to address these challenges, and the future of agriculture in Chhattisgarh looks bright.

Here are some of the key facts about agriculture in Chhattisgarh:

• Agriculture is the main source of livelihood for over 70% of the population.
• The state is known for its production of rice, wheat, pulses, oilseeds, sugarcane, and cotton.
• Agriculture in Chhattisgarh is mainly rain-fed.
• The state receives an average annual rainfall of 1,200 mm.
• The state has a number of irrigation projects.
• The main crops grown in Chhattisgarh are rice, wheat, pulses, oilseeds, sugarcane, and cotton.
• Rice is the major crop, accounting for over 40% of the total cultivated area.
• Wheat is the second major crop, followed by pulses, oilseeds, sugarcane, and cotton.
• The state has a number of agricultural universities and research institutes.
• The state government is providing a number of subsidies and incentives to farmers.
• Agriculture in Chhattisgarh is facing a number of challenges, including low productivity, lack of irrigation facilities, poor infrastructure, and lack of access to credit.
• The state government is taking a number of steps to address these challenges.
• The future of agriculture in Chhattisgarh looks bright.

Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about agriculture:

1. What is agriculture?
   Agriculture is the practice of cultivating plants and Livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. The history of agriculture began thousands of years ago. After gathering wild grains beginning at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers began to plant them around 11,500 years ago. Pigs, sheep and cattle were domesticated over 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world.

2. What are the different types of agriculture?
   There are many different types of agriculture, but some of the most common include:

3. Subsistence agriculture: This type of agriculture is used to produce enough food to meet the needs of the farmer and their family.
4. Commercial agriculture: This type of agriculture is used to produce crops or livestock for sale.
5. Industrial agriculture: This type of agriculture is characterized by large-scale production and the use of heavy machinery.
6. Organic agriculture: This type of agriculture uses natural methods to produce crops and livestock.

7. Sustainable Agriculture: This type of agriculture is designed to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

8. What are the benefits of agriculture?
   Agriculture provides many benefits, including:

9. Food: Agriculture is the primary source of food for humans and animals.
10. Fiber: Agriculture provides fibers such as cotton and wool for clothing and other products.
11. Fuel: Agriculture provides biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel.
12. Jobs: Agriculture employs millions of people around the world.
13. Economic Development: Agriculture is a major driver of economic development in many countries.

14. Environmental protection: Agriculture can help to protect the Environment by conserving water and Soil.

15. What are the challenges of agriculture?
    Agriculture faces many challenges, including:

16. Climate change: Climate Change is causing changes in weather patterns that are making it difficult for farmers to grow crops.
17. Pests and diseases: Pests and diseases can damage crops and livestock, causing economic losses.
18. Water scarcity: Water scarcity is a major problem in many parts of the world, making it difficult for farmers to irrigate their crops.
19. Soil degradation: Soil degradation is a major problem in many parts of the world, making it difficult for farmers to grow crops.
20. Overpopulation: Overpopulation is putting a strain on the world’s food supply.

21. POVERTY: Poverty is a major problem in many parts of the world, making it difficult for farmers to afford the inputs they need to grow crops.

22. What is the future of agriculture?
    The future of agriculture is uncertain. Some experts believe that climate change will make it difficult to grow crops in many parts of the world. Others believe that new technologies, such as vertical farming, will help to increase food production. The future of agriculture will depend on a number of factors, including climate change, technological innovation, and economic development.

1. Which of the following is not a major crop grown in Chhattisgarh?
   (A) Rice
   (B) Wheat
   (C) Maize
   (D) Tea

2. Which of the following is the largest producer of rice in India?
   (A) Uttar Pradesh
   (B) Punjab
   (C) West Bengal
   (D) Chhattisgarh

3. Which of the following is the main source of irrigation in Chhattisgarh?
   (A) Canals
   (B) Wells
   (C) Tanks
   (D) Tube wells

4. Which of the following is the main type of soil found in Chhattisgarh?
   (A) Alluvial soil
   (B) Black soil
   (C) Red soil
   (D) Laterite soil

5. Which of the following is the main forest type found in Chhattisgarh?
   (A) Tropical moist deciduous forest
   (B) Tropical dry deciduous forest
   (C) Tropical evergreen forest
   (D) Montane forest

6. Which of the following is the main mineral found in Chhattisgarh?
   (A) Coal
   (B) Iron Ore
   (C) Manganese
   (D) Bauxite

7. Which of the following is the main industry in Chhattisgarh?
   (A) Mining
   (B) Power generation
   (C) Steel production
   (D) Cement production

8. Which of the following is the main river in Chhattisgarh?
   (A) Mahanadi
   (B) Godavari
   (C) Narmada
   (D) Krishna

9. Which of the following is the capital of Chhattisgarh?
   (A) Raipur
   (B) Bilaspur
   (C) Durg
   (D) Jagdalpur

10. Which of the following is the population of Chhattisgarh?
    (A) 25 million
    (B) 30 million
    (C) 35 million
    (D) 40 million

Answers:
1. (D)
2. (D)
3. (D)
4. (A)
5. (A)
6. (A)
7. (A)
8. (A)
9. (A)
10. (C)