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Natural hazards are severe and extreme weather and Climate events that occur naturally in all parts of the world, although some regions are more vulnerable to certain hazards than others. Natural hazards become natural disasters when people’s lives and livelihoods are destroyed.Chattishgarh is vulnerable to cyclonic storm, Flood and Draught.
Cyclone and flood disaster in Chattishgarh
Chattishgarh is very vulnerable to the disaster of cyclone and flood because of its proximity to Oddisha and and eastern coastal area
- Cyclone Hudhud:Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Hudhud was a strong Tropical Cyclone that caused extensive damage and loss of life in eastern India. The Southern parts of Chhattisgarh witnessed heavy rains, accompanied by gusty winds, for three days due to the impact of the cyclonic storm Hudhud.Even the state capital, Raipur,witnessed incessant rains.
- Cyclone Phailin :Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Phailinwas the most intense tropical cyclone to make landfall in India since the 1999 Odisha cyclone. Heavy rain effected the chattishgarh, however the pre planning of risk management did work and Phailin couldn’t harm the state the way it was expected.
Draught in Chattishgarh
Droughts refer to a serious shortfall in availability of water, mainly, but not exclusively, due to deficiency of rains, affecting agriculture, drinking water supply and Industry. Droughts occur in several parts of the world and can bring untold misery to populations particularly those depending on agriculture and living on generally degraded land. The causative factors are both natural and man made.
Chhattisgarh declared drought in 25 districts in 2015. Again in 2016 Over 65 tehsils of the 150 in Chhattisgarh are reeling under drought-like situation following scanty rainfall.
The rainfall variability during past century in Chhattisgarh was studied using rainfall statistics of 100 years i.e. 1901-2000.For understanding the rainfall pattern difference between Average rainfall during 1900-1950 and 1951-2000 were worked. A GIS map was generated using GIS tools and the same are shown in enclosed figure. It was found that in some districts like Raipur, Mahasamund, Raigarh the decrease in rainfall quantity is the other hand the decrease in rainfall.Chattishgarh is becoming more and more vulnerable to Draught .
Chattishgarh : draught management
- Risk Reduction :Drought-prone areas of state should be made less vulnerable to drought associated problems through Soil – moisture conservation measures, water harvesting practices, minimisation of Evaporation losses, development of the ground water potential including recharging and the transfer of surface water from surplus areas where feasible and appropriate. Pastures, Forestry or other modes of development which are relatively less water demanding should be encouraged. In planning water resource development projects, the needs of drought prone areas should be given priority.
- Revisiting Long Term Interventions :A strategy for making people pursue livelihoods compatible with their Ecosystems needs to be evolved. Some concrete steps in this direction could be:
(i) A multi-disciplinary team needs to be immediately constituted by the Ministry of Environment and Forests to specifically identify villages where soil and climatic conditions make ‘conventional agriculture’ unsustainable.
(ii) Alternate means of livelihood have to be evolved in consultation with the communities, in such areas.
- Livelihood Management in Extremely Drought Prone Areas :Areas suffering repeated droughts over the millennia have highly degraded land Resources. Such areas are found in pockets in many parts of the country and the subsistence/unsustainable agriculture practiced in such areas make them easy prey to even a modest drought. Human populations in many such degraded spots have adapted their life-styles to deal with the vagaries of nature through a predominantly pastoral mode of existence. There are a number of studies which show that such well-adapted populations have developed greater resilience and coping capabilities. There are, however, areas where deep attachment to agriculture tends to dissuade frequently drought affected communities from looking at ecologically more compatible livelihoods. Programmes like the DDP have contributed significantly to promoting alternative and more sustainable non agricultural livelihoods. The issue of concretizing a strategy of facilitating pursuing of livelihoods appropriate to an ecosystem is beyond the remit of the Commission; there are, however, some aspects which need to be addressed urgently to mitigate frequent crises which result from ‘unsustainable agriculture’. These measures could include identification of areas where conventional agriculture is not sustainable and devising methods to motivate people in such areas to switch over to appropriate livelihood regimen etc.
Govt. to pay more for house damage in natural calamity
Chhattisgarh government had decided to revise the compensation paid for the damage caused to the houses in the natural calamity.
According to the revised rate, the owner of the pucca house damaged in the natural calamity would now get Rs 75000. Earlier, the State Government was paying Rs 70,000. Similarly, the kucca house damaged in nature’s fury would be paid Rs 17,500 as against Rs 15,000 paid earlier by the state government.
The partial damaged pucca house would now be paid at the rate of Rs 12, 600 while earlier, the state government was paying Rs 6300. Similarly, the compensation for the kucca houses partial damaged had been increased from Rs 3200 to Rs 3800. The poor person whose hut would completely damage in the natural calamity would now get Rs 3000 as against earlier rate of Rs 2500.
With the monsoon at the door step, Chhattisgarh government had geared up its preparedness to deal with the natural disaster.
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Natural disasters are events that are caused by the forces of nature and can cause widespread damage and loss of life. Some of the most common natural disasters include Earthquakes, floods, landslides, droughts, heat waves, wildfires, Cyclones-2/”>Cyclones, and Tsunamis.
Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy when tectonic plates move or shift. The shaking that results from an earthquake can cause damage to buildings and Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE, and can also trigger landslides and tsunamis.
Floods are caused by an excessive amount of water that inundates land that is usually dry. Floods can be caused by heavy rains, melting snow, or dam failures. They can cause widespread damage to property and infrastructure, and can also lead to loss of life.
Landslides are caused by the movement of soil or rock down a slope. Landslides can be triggered by earthquakes, heavy rains, or human activities such as deforestation. They can cause damage to buildings and infrastructure, and can also lead to loss of life.
Droughts are periods of time when there is an abnormally low amount of rainfall. Droughts can cause crop failures, water shortages, and wildfires. They can also lead to loss of life, especially in areas where people are dependent on agriculture for their livelihood.
Heat waves are periods of time when the temperature is much higher than normal. Heat waves can cause heat stroke, dehydration, and death. They can also exacerbate existing Health conditions, such as heart disease and respiratory problems.
Wildfires are uncontrolled fires that spread through forests, grasslands, or other areas. Wildfires can be caused by lightning strikes, human carelessness, or arson. They can cause extensive damage to property and infrastructure, and can also lead to loss of life.
Cyclones are large, rotating storms that form over warm ocean waters. Cyclones are known by different names in different parts of the world, such as hurricanes, typhoons, and tropical cyclones. They can cause widespread damage to property and infrastructure, and can also lead to loss of life.
Tsunamis are large waves that are caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides. Tsunamis can travel at speeds of up to 800 kilometers per hour, and can cause extensive damage to coastal areas.
Natural disasters can have a devastating impact on people’s lives. It is important to be prepared for natural disasters by having a plan in place and by taking steps to protect yourself and your property.
Here are some tips for being prepared for natural disasters:
- Have a plan in place. Know what you will do if a natural disaster strikes.
- Make a disaster kit. This kit should include food, water, first-aid supplies, and other essential items.
- Be familiar with the risks in your area. Know what natural disasters are most likely to occur in your area and what the risks are.
- Take steps to protect your property. This may include installing flood barriers, securing your home against high winds, or removing trees that could fall on your home.
- Stay informed. Monitor the news and weather reports so that you are aware of potential threats.
- Be prepared to evacuate. If you are told to evacuate, do so immediately.
By following these tips, you can help to reduce the risk of injury or death from natural disasters.
What are the natural hazards in Chhattisgarh?
The following are some of the natural hazards that occur in Chhattisgarh:
- Earthquakes: Chhattisgarh is located in a seismically active zone, and earthquakes can occur at any time. The most recent major earthquake in Chhattisgarh was in 1993, with a magnitude of 6.9.
- Flood: Floods are a common occurrence in Chhattisgarh, especially during the monsoon season. The state is prone to flash floods, which can cause widespread damage and loss of life.
- Drought: Drought is also a major problem in Chhattisgarh, and can lead to crop failures and famine. The state experienced a severe drought in 2016, which affected millions of people.
- Wildfires: Wildfires are a regular occurrence in Chhattisgarh, and can cause extensive damage to forests and wildlife. The state experienced a major wildfire in 2018, which burned for over a month and destroyed thousands of hectares of forest.
- Landslides: Landslides are a major hazard in Chhattisgarh, especially in the hilly areas. The state experienced a major landslide in 2013, which killed over 100 people.
- Tornadoes: Tornadoes are a rare occurrence in Chhattisgarh, but they have been known to occur. The most recent Tornado in Chhattisgarh was in 2015, which caused damage to several buildings.
What are the effects of natural hazards in Chhattisgarh?
The effects of natural hazards in Chhattisgarh can be devastating. Earthquakes can cause buildings to collapse, roads to be damaged, and bridges to be destroyed. Floods can inundate homes and businesses, and can also cause landslides. Drought can lead to crop failures and famine. Wildfires can destroy forests and wildlife, and can also cause respiratory problems in humans. Landslides can block roads and railways, and can also bury homes and businesses. Tornadoes can cause damage to buildings and infrastructure.
What are the government’s efforts to mitigate the effects of natural hazards in Chhattisgarh?
The government of Chhattisgarh has taken a number of steps to mitigate the effects of natural hazards. These include:
- Building earthquake-resistant structures: The government has made it mandatory for all new buildings to be built to earthquake-resistant standards.
- Constructing Dams and reservoirs: Dams and reservoirs can help to control flooding.
- Reforestation: Reforestation can help to prevent landslides.
- Early warning systems: Early warning systems can help people to evacuate before a NATURAL HAZARD strikes.
- Disaster relief: The government has a disaster relief plan in place to provide assistance to people affected by natural hazards.
What can individuals do to prepare for natural hazards in Chhattisgarh?
Individuals can prepare for natural hazards in Chhattisgarh by:
- Having a disaster plan: A disaster plan should include a list of emergency contacts, a list of supplies to have on hand, and a plan for evacuation.
- Making sure your home is safe: Make sure your home is in good repair and that it is protected from flooding.
- Having a survival kit: A survival kit should include food, water, first-aid supplies, and other essential items.
- Being aware of the risks: Be aware of the risks of natural hazards in your area and know what to do in the event of an emergency.
- Staying informed: Stay informed about the latest weather forecasts and warnings.
- Following the instructions of emergency officials: In the event of an emergency, follow the instructions of emergency officials.
Question 1
Which of the following is not a natural hazard in Chhattisgarh?
(A) Earthquake
(B) Flood
(C) Drought
(D) Cyclone
Answer
(D) Cyclone
Question 2
Which of the following is the most common natural hazard in Chhattisgarh?
(A) Earthquake
(B) Flood
(C) Drought
(D) Landslide
Answer
(B) Flood
Question 3
Which of the following is the most destructive natural hazard in Chhattisgarh?
(A) Earthquake
(B) Flood
(C) Drought
(D) Landslide
Answer
(A) Earthquake
Question 4
Which of the following is the most common cause of death due to natural hazards in Chhattisgarh?
(A) Earthquake
(B) Flood
(C) Drought
(D) Landslide
Answer
(A) Earthquake
Question 5
Which of the following is the most common cause of property damage due to natural hazards in Chhattisgarh?
(A) Earthquake
(B) Flood
(C) Drought
(D) Landslide
Answer
(B) Flood
Question 6
Which of the following is the most effective way to mitigate the risk of natural hazards in Chhattisgarh?
(A) Building earthquake-resistant structures
(B) Building flood-resistant structures
(C) Building drought-resistant structures
(D) Building landslide-resistant structures
Answer
(A) Building earthquake-resistant structures
Question 7
Which of the following is the most effective way to prepare for natural hazards in Chhattisgarh?
(A) Having a disaster plan
(B) Having an emergency kit
(C) Knowing the evacuation routes
(D) All of the above
Answer
(D) All of the above
Question 8
Which of the following is the most effective way to respond to natural hazards in Chhattisgarh?
(A) Evacuating the area
(B) Taking shelter in a safe place
(C) Following the instructions of the authorities
(D) All of the above
Answer
(D) All of the above
Question 9
Which of the following is the most effective way to recover from natural hazards in Chhattisgarh?
(A) Rebuilding the infrastructure
(B) Providing relief to the affected people
(C) Restoring the environment
(D) All of the above
Answer
(D) All of the above