Notes and Study material for Exams
Glaciers Glaciers are made up of fallen snow that, over many years, compresses into large, thickened ice masses. Glaciers form when snow remains in one location long enough to transform into ice. What makes glaciers unique is their ability to move. Due to sheer mass, glaciers flow like very slow rivers. Some glaciers … Read more
Frontiers and boundaries with reference to Indian sub-continent A Frontier, can be defined as a politico-geographical area, lying beyond defined borders of a political unit into which expansion could take place. It is a physical and moral concept which implied looking outwards and moving outwards. It is not an abstract concept but a … Read more
Fauna and Flora Geography: Wild Animals, Animals, Birds, Reptiles, Mammals, Trees and Plants and others Flora is the name given to the collective plant life that grows or once grew in a certain area or during a given time period. It usually refers to the native plant life present but does include new … Read more
Factors controlling Landform development Landforms are individual expressions of terrain, from mountain peaks to level, featureless plains. While they sometimes seem stolid and inviolable, they are built up and destroyed by physical and chemical forces on a scale of time often dizzying to the human mind. From winds and floods to plant roots, … Read more
Evolution and Geomorphology of the Indian Subcontinent About 140 million years ago the main landmass on Earth was concentrated together in a super continent called Gondwana which started to break up in four tectonic plates; African, Antarctic, Australian and Indian plates. The rifting is thought to be caused by the rising of a … Read more
Elements Chemical element, also called element, any substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by ordinary chemical processes. Elements are the fundamental materials of which all matter is composed. At present there are 118 known chemical elements. About 20 percent of them do not exist in nature (or are present only in … Read more
Evaporation and Condensation, and so governs the degree of stability of the atmosphere. 3. As relative humidity is directly associated with the temperature of the air, it affects the character and kinds of cloud formation and precipitation. Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of an object. We tend to observe … Read more
Distribution of natural Resources World Distribution of forest reserves Forests cover 31 percent of the world’s land surface, just over 4 billion hectares. (One hectare = 2.47 acres.) This is down from the pre-industrial area of 5.9 billion hectares. According to data from the U.N. Food and agriculture Organization, deforestation was at its … Read more
Distribution of major natural Resources of World-Water, Soils, Forests in reference to South and South-East Asia Distribution of key Natural Resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian subcontinent) Natural resources are highly valued because human beings are dependent on them to fulfil their fundamental needs that changes with … Read more
Development of Railway:- The romance of train travel in India is legendary, but the task of constructing the railways in the first place was daunting. There were huge problems in dealing with such a vast and inhospitable country. The idea of introducing railways to India had been mooted as early as the 1830s. … Read more