Notes and Study material for Exams
Acid Rain Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it has elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). It can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals, and infrastructure. Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which react with water, … Read more
Disaster Management History shows that India is exposed to national disasters. INFRASTRUCTURE; and other efforts to make the community more resilient to a catastrophic event. Preparedness Preparedness focuses on understanding how a disaster might impact the community and how education, outreach and training can build capacity to respond to and recover from a disaster. This … Read more
Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016: A Comprehensive Guide to Safe and Sustainable Disposal The Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016 (BMW Rules) are a set of comprehensive guidelines established by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), India, to ensure the safe and environmentally sound management of bio-medical waste generated from healthcare facilities and … Read more
The Symphony of Life: Services Provided by Biodiversity Biodiversity, the intricate web of life on Earth, is not merely a collection of fascinating creatures and vibrant ecosystems. It is the very foundation of our planet’s health and our own well-being. This complex tapestry of life provides a vast array of essential services, often taken for … Read more
Biomass Biomass is a renewable energy source that comes from plants and other organic materials. It can be used to generate electricity, heat, and transportation fuels. Biomass is a carbon-neutral fuel, which means that it does not release any more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than was absorbed by the plants when they were growing. … Read more
The Intricate Dance: How Abiotic Factors Shape the Lives of Insectivorous Plants In the vast and diverse tapestry of life on Earth, plants stand as silent sentinels, anchoring ecosystems and providing sustenance. While most plants rely on sunlight, water, and soil nutrients for survival, a fascinating subset has evolved a unique strategy: carnivory. These insectivorous … Read more
Topological & Non-Topological Conservation Conservation – shape and structure of networks of interacting organisms in ecological systems In-situ conservation Protect whole ecosystem at all levels to protect threatened species (save entire forest to save tiger) Hot Spots – High endemism & high Species richness (in India – Western Ghats (Agasthyamalai hills, … Read more
The Greenhouse Effect: A Warming World and the Role of Global Warming Potential The Earth’s climate is a delicate balance, constantly adjusting to natural and human-induced influences. One crucial aspect of this balance is the greenhouse effect, a natural phenomenon that keeps our planet warm enough to sustain life. However, human activities are altering this … Read more
Types of Phytoremediation Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach to environmental remediation that uses plants to remove, transform, or stabilize contaminants in soil, water, and air. There are several different types of phytoremediation, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Phytoextraction Phytoextraction is the most common type of phytoremediation. It involves using plants … Read more
Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency, means using less energy to provide the same level of energy. It is therefore one method to reduce human greenhouse gas emissions. For example if a house is insulated, less energy is used in heating and cooling to achieve a satisfactory temperature. Another example is installing fluorescent lights or skylights, instead … Read more