The Canadian Pacific Railway company was incorporated in 1881. Its original purpose was the construction of a transcontinental railway, a promise to British Columbia upon its entry into Confederation. The railway — completed in 1885 — connected Eastern Canada to BC and played an important role in the development of the nation. Built in dangerous conditions by thousands of labourers (including 15,000 Chinese temporary workers), the railway facilitated communications and transportation across the country. Over its long history, CPR diversified, establishing hotels, shipping lines and airlines, and developed mining and telecommunications industries. In 2001, Canadian Pacific separated into five separate and independent companies, with Canadian Pacific Railway returning to its origins as a railway company. CP, as it is branded today, has over 22,500 km of track across Canada and the United States. It is a public company and trades on the Toronto Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange under the symbol CP. In 2016, CP had $6.2 billion in revenue and $1.6 billion in profit and held assets valued at $19.2 billion.
In 1870, the newly created nation of Canada acquired Rupert’s Land from the Hudson’s Bay Company, an enormous tract of land stretching north and west; one year later, British Columbia entered Confederation based in part on the promise that a transcontinental railway would connect it to the rest of Canada within 10 years (see Railway History). In order to construct the railway and encourage future settlement, the government considered it necessary to extinguish Aboriginal title to the land (see Indigenous Territory). Bound by the terms of the Royal Proclamation, Canada was responsible for the protection of its Indigenous people and promised to preserve their rights to unceded traditional territories.
In exchange for their traditional territory, government negotiators made various promises to Indigenous peoples — both orally and in the written texts of the treaties — including special rights to treaty lands and the distribution of cash payments, hunting and fishing tools, farming supplies, and the like. These terms of agreement are controversial and contested. To this day, the Numbered Treaties have ongoing legal and socioeconomic impacts on Indigenous communities.
Competition for the lucrative contract for the railway was bitter, and in 1872, shipping magnate and railway promoter Sir Hugh Allan was awarded the charter. However, Allan had also contributed around $350,000 to the Conservative party’s election campaign — when this became public knowledge in 1873, Sir John A. Macdonald’s government was forced to resign.
Under the management of W.C. Van Horne, construction was rapidly pressed across the plains. Sandford Fleming had recommended a route through the Yellowhead Pass but a more southerly route through Kicking Horse Pass was decided upon late in 1881. Construction through the rock and muskeg of the Canadian Shield almost equalled in difficulty the engineering feats of construction through the Mountains of British Columbia.
The difficulty in obtaining an adequate work force in British Columbia led to the controversial importation of thousands of Chinese workers. Around 15,000 Chinese labourers helped to build the Canadian Pacific Railway — working in harsh conditions for little pay, they suffered greatly and historians estimate that at least 600 died. Their EMPLOYMENT caused controversy, particularly in British Columbia, where politicians worried about the potential economic and cultural impact of this influx of Chinese workers.
Between 1899 and 1913, the CPR increased its trackage from approximately 11,200 km to 17,600 km. More than half of the new track was in the Prairie provinces, and it was intended both to provide branch lines into areas of need and to ensure that the CPR would remain competitive in relation to the developing transcontinental lines of the Canadian Northern Railway and the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway.
The widespread expansion of the company, much of it under the presidency of T.G. Shaughnessy (1899-1918), placed a heavy drain on company Resources, but continuance of the National Policy, with its substantial tariffs, meant continuing high freight rates in the West.
Attacks on these rates in 1896 helped to bring about the defeat of the Conservatives. The Liberals reduced rates with the Crow’s Nest Pass Agreement in 1897 and, under the Manitoba Grain Act of 1900, required railways to provide loading platforms for farmers. In addition, charters were granted to the Canadian Northern Railway to develop the huge area of northern prairie left vacant by the CPR.
Canadian National Railway (CNR), formed by the government of Canada between 1917 and 1923, was a major challenge. The CNR consolidated the failing Grand Trunk Pacific, Canadian Northern, Intercolonial and Canadian Government Railways, and competed with the CPR in hotels, telegraphs, steamships and express Services as well as railway services.
Despite this massive, government-supported competition, CPR survived as a commercial enterprise. During the Second World War it provided not only transportation, but also the production of armaments and materiel in its own shops. During the conflict, much of its merchant fleet was commandeered for military transport purposes, resulting in the loss of 12 vessels.
Cape of of Good Hope water way
Cape of Good Hope, rocky promontory at the southern end of Cape Peninsula, Western Cape province, South Africa. It was first sighted by The Portuguese navigator Bartolomeu Dias in 1488 on his return voyage to Portugal after ascertaining the southern limits of the African continent. One historical account says that Dias named it Cape of Storms and that John II of Portugal renamed it Cape of Good Hope (because its discovery was a good omen that India could be reached by sea from Europe); other sources attribute its present name to Dias himself.
Known for the stormy weather and rough seas encountered there, the cape is situated at the convergence of the warm Mozambique-Agulhas current from the Indian Ocean and the cool Benguela Current from Antarctic waters. Grass and low shrub vegetation is characteristic of the promontory, which is part of the Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve (established 1939) that encompasses the southern tip of the peninsula. There is a lighthouse on Cape Point about 1.2 miles (2 km) east of the Cape of Good Hope.
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Canadian Pacific Railway (CP) is a transcontinental railway in Canada. It is the second-largest railway in Canada by revenue and the largest by track Network. CP operates over 20,000 kilometers of track in Canada and the United States, and employs over 19,000 people.
CP was founded in 1881 by George Stephen, a Scottish-born financier. The railway was built to connect the eastern and western provinces of Canada, and it was completed in 1885. CP played a major role in the development of the Canadian economy, and it continues to be a vital part of the country’s transportation Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE.
CP is a publicly traded company, and its Shares are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange. The company’s headquarters are located in Calgary, Alberta.
CP’s operations include freight transportation, passenger transportation, and Logistics. The company’s freight transportation business is the largest in Canada, and it serves a wide range of industries, including agriculture, energy, and manufacturing. CP’s passenger transportation business operates the Rocky Mountaineer, a luxury train that travels between Vancouver and Banff. The company’s logistics business provides a range of services, including Warehousing, distribution, and Supply Chain Management.
CP’s infrastructure includes over 20,000 kilometers of track, 1,500 locomotives, and 40,000 freight cars. The company’s track network is the largest in Canada, and it extends from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. CP’s locomotives are some of the most powerful in the world, and they are capable of hauling heavy loads over long distances. The company’s freight cars are used to transport a variety of goods, including grain, coal, and oil.
CP’s subsidiaries include CP Rail, CP Ships, and CP Logistics. CP Rail is the company’s main operating subsidiary, and it is responsible for the company’s freight transportation business. CP Ships is a shipping company that operates a fleet of container ships. CP Logistics is a logistics company that provides a range of services, including warehousing, distribution, and supply chain management.
CP has a number of notable people associated with it, including George Stephen, William Van Horne, and Donald Smith. George Stephen was the founder of CP, and he served as its first president. William Van Horne was the railway’s second president, and he is credited with building the railway’s transcontinental line. Donald Smith was the railway’s third president, and he is known for driving the last spike of the transcontinental line.
CP has been involved in a number of accidents and incidents over the years. The most notable accident was the derailment of a train near Hinton, Alberta in 1986. The derailment killed 47 people and injured 63 others. CP has also been involved in a number of other derailments, collisions, and fires.
CP has been criticized for its environmental record. The company has been accused of polluting the air and water, and of destroying wildlife habitat. CP has also been criticized for its labor practices. The company has been accused of mistreating its employees, and of engaging in union-busting activities.
Despite its critics, CP remains a vital part of the Canadian economy. The company provides a vital transportation link between the eastern and western provinces of Canada, and it employs thousands of people. CP is also a major player in the global economy, and it is a significant contributor to Canada’s trade surplus.
What is a railway?
A railway is a system of transportation that uses wheeled vehicles on rails to move people and goods. Railways are one of the most important forms of transportation in the world, and they play a vital role in the economy.
What are the different types of railways?
There are two main types of railways: conventional railways and high-speed railways. Conventional railways are the most common type of railway, and they use trains that travel at speeds of up to 120 miles per hour. High-speed railways are a newer type of railway, and they use trains that travel at speeds of up to 200 miles per hour.
What are the benefits of using railways?
Railways have many benefits, including:
They are a very efficient form of transportation.
They are a very safe form of transportation.
They are a very environmentally friendly form of transportation.
They can carry a lot of people and goods.
They can travel long distances.
What are the challenges of using railways?
Railways also have some challenges, including:
They can be expensive to build and maintain.
They can be difficult to build in mountainous areas.
They can be affected by weather conditions.
They can be noisy.
They can be dangerous for people and animals.
What is the future of railways?
The future of railways is bright. Railways are becoming more and more popular, and they are playing an increasingly important role in the economy. As technology improves, railways will become even more efficient and environmentally friendly.
What is a train?
A train is a vehicle that runs on rails. Trains are used to transport people and goods over long distances. Trains are one of the most efficient forms of transportation, and they play a vital role in the economy.
What are the different types of trains?
There are many different types of trains, including:
Passenger trains: Passenger trains are used to transport people.
Freight trains: Freight trains are used to transport goods.
High-speed trains: High-speed trains are used to transport people and goods over long distances at high speeds.
Metro trains: Metro trains are used to transport people in urban areas.
Light rail trains: Light rail trains are used to transport people in suburban areas.
What are the benefits of using trains?
Trains have many benefits, including:
They are a very efficient form of transportation.
They are a very safe form of transportation.
They are a very environmentally friendly form of transportation.
They can carry a lot of people and goods.
They can travel long distances.
What are the challenges of using trains?
Trains also have some challenges, including:
They can be expensive to build and maintain.
They can be difficult to build in mountainous areas.
They can be affected by weather conditions.
They can be noisy.
They can be dangerous for people and animals.
What is the future of trains?
The future of trains is bright. Trains are becoming more and more popular, and they are playing an increasingly important role in the economy. As technology improves, trains will become even more efficient and environmentally friendly.
Which of the following is not a type of train? (A) Passenger train (B) Freight train (C) High-speed train (D) Canadian Pacific Railway
The first train was invented in which country? (A) United States (B) United Kingdom (C) Germany (D) France
The first passenger train ran in which year? (A) 1804 (B) 1825 (C) 1830 (D) 1835
The first steam locomotive was invented by which person? (A) George Stephenson (B) Richard Trevithick (C) James Watt (D) Thomas Newcomen
The first transcontinental railroad was completed in which year? (A) 1869 (B) 1870 (C) 1871 (D) 1872
The longest train in the world is the Harbin-Dalian Passenger Train, which is 1,271 kilometers long. (A) True (B) False
The fastest train in the world is the Shanghai Maglev Train, which can reach speeds of up to 431 kilometers per hour. (A) True (B) False
The most expensive train in the world is the Orient Express, which costs $10,000 per person for a one-way ticket. (A) True (B) False
The most popular train in the world is the Shinkansen, which is a high-speed train that runs in Japan. (A) True (B) False
The most dangerous train in the world is the Mumbai local train, which is a commuter train that runs in India. (A) True (B) False