Bodies Constituted

by

<<–2/”>a >body>



Bodies constituted, Policies, Programmes and Schemes for welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes

Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment

The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment is the nodal Ministry to oversee the interests of the Scheduled Castes. Though the primary responsibility for promotion of interests of the Scheduled Castes rests with all the Central Ministries in the area of their operations and the State Governments, the Ministry complements their efforts by way of interventions in critical sectors through specifically tailored schemes. The Scheduled Castes Development (SCD) Bureau of the Ministry aims to promote the welfare of Scheduled Castes through their educational, economic and Social Empowerment. Efforts made by State Governments and Central Ministries for protecting and promoting the interests of Scheduled Castes are also monitored.

National Commission for Scheduled Castes

National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) is an Indian constitutional body established with a view to provide safeguards against the exploitation of Scheduled Castes to promote and protect their social, educational, economic and cultural interests, special provisions were made in the Constitution.

National Commission for Scheduled Tribes

National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) is an Indian constitutional body was established through Constitution (89th Amendment) Act, 2003.

On the 89th Amendment of the Constitution coming into force on 19 February 2004, the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes has been set up under ARTICLE 338A on bifurcation of erstwhile National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to oversee the implementation of various safeguards provided to Scheduled Tribes under the Constitution.

 

 

Policies and programmes

For scheduled casts

Educational Empowerment

Various scholarships are provided to the students belonging to the Scheduled Castes (SCs) to ensure that Education is not denied due to the poor financial condition of their families. These Scholarships are provided at both pre-matric and post-matric levels. Scholarships are also provided to SC students for obtaining higher education in India and abroad, including premier educational institutions. The Scholarships can broadly be classified into the following three types:  

Pre-Matric Scholarships

The objective of the pre-matric Scheme is to support the parents of SC children for educating their wards, so that the incidence of drop outs at this stage is minimized.

Post Matric Scholarship for Scheduled Caste Students (PMS-SC)

The Scheme is the single largest intervention by Government of India for educational empowerment of scheduled caste students. This is a centrally sponsored scheme. 100% central assistance is released to State Governments/UTs for expenditure incurred by them under the scheme over and above their respective committed liability.

Economic Empowerment

 National Scheduled Castes Finance and Development Corporation (NSFDC): Set up under the Ministry, to finance income generating activities of Scheduled Caste beneficiaries living below double the POVERTY line limits (presently Rs 98,000/- per annum for rural areas and Rs 1,20,000/- per annum for urban areas). NSFDC assists the target group by way of refinancing loans, skill training, Entrepreneurship Development Programmes and providing Marketing support through State Channelizing Agencies, RRBs, Public Sector Bank and Other Institutions

National Safai Karamcharis Finance and Development Corporation (NSKFDC): It is another corporation under the Ministry which provides credit facilities to beneficiaries amongst Safai Karamcharis, manual scavengers and their dependants for income generating activities for socio-Economic Development through State Channelizing Agencies.

Social Empowerment

The Protection of civil Rights Act, 1955

In pursuance of Article 17 of the Constitution of India, the Untouchability (Offences) Act, 1955 was enacted and notified on 08.05.1955. Subsequently, it was amended and renamed in the year 1976 as the “Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955”. Rules under this Act, viz “The Protection of Civil Rights Rules, 1977” were notified in 1977. The Act extends to the whole of India and provides punishment for the practice of untouchability. It is implemented by the respective State Governments and Union Territory Administrations. Assistance is provided to States/ UTs for implementation of Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955.

Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989: Assistance is provided to States/ UTs for implementation of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989. Financial assistance is provided to the States/ UTs for implementation of these Acts, by way of relief to atrocity victims, incentive for inter-caste marriages, awareness generation, setting up of exclusive Special courts, etc. Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Amendment Act, 2015 (No. 1 of 2016) was notified in the Gazette of India (Extraordinary) on 01.01.2016. The Amended Act came into force w.e.f 26.01.2016.

For scheduled tribes

Educational empowerment

Top Class Education for ST Students

This is a Central Sector Scholarship Scheme for ST students introduced from the academic year 2007-08 with the objective of encouraging meritorious ST students for pursing studies at Degree and Post Graduate level in any of the Institutes identified by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs for the purpose.

Eklavya Model Residential Schools

In the context of the trend of establishing quality residential schools for the promotion of education in all areas and habitations in the country, the Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) for ST students take their place among the Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas, the Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas and the Kendriya Vidyalayas. Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) are set up in States/UTs with grants under Article 275(1) of the Constitution of India.

Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana

The Government of India, Ministry of Tribal Affairs has launched Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana (VKY) for welfare of Tribals. VKY aims at creating enabling Environment for need based and outcome oriented holistic development of the tribal people. This process envisages to ensure that all the intended benefits of goods and Services under various programmes/schemes of Central as well as State Governments actually reach the target groups by convergence of Resources through appropriate institutional mechanism.

Economic empowerment

Model Blocks

There are about 350 Blocks in the Schedule V areas where Population to STs compared to total population of the Block is 50% or above. Despite several interventions in the past, these Blocks are still reeling under various facets of deprivation in so far as Human Development Indices are concerned. Through VKY, it is envisaged to develop these Blocks as model Blocks over the period of next five years with qualitative and visible infrastructural facilities.

Scheme of Marketing Development of Tribal Products or Produce

The Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India Limited (TRIFED) was established in August 1987 by the then Ministry of Welfare, Government ofIndia , under the Multi State Cooperative Societies Act 1984 (which has now been replaced by the Multi-State Cooperative Societies Act, 2002) . TRIFED was established with the basic mandate of bringing about the socio-economic development of tribals of the country by institutionalizing the trade of Minor Forest Produce (MFP) and Surplus agriculture Produce (SAP) collected/cultivated by them – because tribals are heavily dependent on these natural products for their livelihood. But in many cases they did not use to get remunerative prices due to middle-men and unscrupulous traders exploiting the naiveté of Tribals.

 

 

 


,

Bodies Constituted

A body constituted is a group of people who are organized to achieve a common goal. They can be formal or informal, and they can be public or private. Some common types of bodies constituted include agencies, boards, committees, councils, corporations, foundations, institutions, leagues, organizations, panels, societies, trusts, unions, and voluntary associations.

Agencies are government bodies that are responsible for carrying out a specific function. For example, the Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for protecting the environment. Boards are groups of people who are responsible for overseeing the management of an organization. For example, the board of directors of a corporation is responsible for making decisions about the company’s finances and operations. Committees are groups of people who are appointed to study a particular issue or problem and make recommendations. For example, a committee might be appointed to study the feasibility of building a new bridge. Councils are groups of people who are elected or appointed to represent a particular group of people or area. For example, a city council is responsible for making decisions about the city’s government and services. Corporations are legal entities that are owned by shareholders. They are separate from their owners and can sue and be sued. Foundations are non-profit organizations that are established to support a particular cause or purpose. For example, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation supports global Health and development. Institutions are organizations that provide a particular service or function. For example, a hospital is an institution that provides medical care. Leagues are organizations that bring together people who share a common interest. For example, the National Football League is a league of professional football teams. Organizations are groups of people who are organized to achieve a common goal. For example, the American Civil Liberties Union is an organization that defends the civil liberties of all Americans. Panels are groups of people who are appointed to investigate a particular issue or problem. For example, a panel might be appointed to investigate the causes of a plane crash. Societies are organizations that promote a particular cause or interest. For example, the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals is a society that promotes the humane treatment of animals. Trusts are legal entities that are created to hold property for the benefit of another person or group of people. For example, a trust might be created to provide for the education of a child. Unions are organizations that represent the interests of workers. For example, the United Auto Workers is a union that represents workers in the automotive Industry. Voluntary associations are organizations that are formed by people who share a common interest and who work together to achieve a common goal. For example, the Boy Scouts of America is a voluntary association that provides youth development programs.

Bodies constituted play an important role in society. They provide a way for people to come together to achieve common goals. They also provide a way for people to be involved in their communities and to make a difference in the world.

What is a body?

A body is a physical object that has mass and takes up space.

What are the different types of bodies?

There are many different types of bodies, including:

  • Solid bodies: These are bodies that have a definite shape and volume.
  • Liquid bodies: These are bodies that have a definite volume but no definite shape.
  • Gaseous bodies: These are bodies that have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume.

What are the properties of bodies?

The properties of bodies include:

  • Mass: This is the amount of matter in a body.
  • Weight: This is the force of gravity on a body.
  • Volume: This is the amount of space that a body takes up.
  • Density: This is the mass of a body per unit volume.
  • Shape: This is the external form of a body.
  • Size: This is the extent of a body in three dimensions.

What are the different States of Matter?

The three states of matter are:

  • Solid: This is a state of matter in which the particles are close together and have a definite shape and volume.
  • Liquid: This is a state of matter in which the particles are close together but do not have a definite shape.
  • Gas: This is a state of matter in which the particles are far apart and do not have a definite shape or volume.

What are the different types of forces?

There are many different types of forces, including:

  • Gravitational Force: This is the force that attracts two objects with mass towards each other.
  • Electrostatic force: This is the force that attracts or repels two objects with electric charge.
  • Magnetic force: This is the force that attracts or repels two objects with Magnetic Field.
  • Nuclear force: This is the force that holds the nucleus of an atom together.
  • Frictional force: This is the force that opposes the relative motion of two surfaces in contact.
  • Normal force: This is the force that a surface exerts on an object that is in contact with it.
  • Tension force: This is the force that is transmitted along a string or cable.
  • Shear force: This is the force that acts parallel to the surface of an object.
  • Bending force: This is the force that acts perpendicular to the surface of an object and causes it to bend.
  • Torsional force: This is the force that acts on an object and causes it to twist.

What are the different types of energy?

There are many different types of energy, including:

  • Kinetic energy: This is the energy of motion.
  • Potential energy: This is the energy that an object has due to its position or state.
  • Chemical energy: This is the energy that is stored in the Bonds between atoms.
  • Nuclear Energy: This is the energy that is stored in the nucleus of an atom.
  • Electrical energy: This is the energy that is associated with the movement of electrons.
  • Thermal energy: This is the energy that is associated with the motion of atoms and Molecules.
  • Electromagnetic energy: This is the energy that is associated with waves/”>Electromagnetic Waves.
  • Sound energy: This is the energy that is associated with sound waves.
  • Light energy: This is the energy that is associated with light waves.

What are the different types of waves?

There are many different types of waves, including:

  • Mechanical waves: These are waves that require a medium to travel through, such as sound waves and water waves.
  • Electromagnetic waves: These are waves that do not require a medium to travel through, such as light waves and radio waves.
  • Transverse waves: These are waves in which the particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction of the wave.
  • Longitudinal waves: These are waves in which the particles of the medium move parallel to the direction of the wave.

What are the different types of circuits?

There are many different types of circuits, including:

  • Series circuits: These are circuits in which the components are connected in a series, so that the current flows through all of the components in the same order.
  • Parallel circuits: These are circuits in which the components are connected in parallel, so that the current can flow through any of the components.
  • Combination circuits: These are circuits that contain both series and parallel components.

What are the different types of motors?

There are many different types of motors, including:

  • DC motors: These are motors that are powered by direct current.
  • AC motors: These are motors that are powered by alternating current.
  • Synchronous motors: These are motors in which the speed

Question 1

Which of the following is not a type of body?

(A) Corporation
(B) PARTNERSHIP
(C) Sole proprietorship
(D) Trust

Answer

(D) Trust is a legal arrangement in which a person (the trustee) holds property for the benefit of another person (the beneficiary). It is not a type of body.

Question 2

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a corporation?

(A) It is a legal entity separate from its owners.
(B) It has perpetual existence.
(C) It is owned by its shareholders.
(D) It is managed by its board of directors.

Answer

(C) A corporation is not owned by its shareholders. The shareholders own Shares in the corporation, but the corporation itself is a separate legal entity.

Question 3

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a partnership?

(A) It is a legal entity separate from its partners.
(B) It has perpetual existence.
(C) It is owned by its partners.
(D) It is managed by its partners.

Answer

(A) A partnership is not a legal entity separate from its partners. The partners are personally liable for the debts and obligations of the partnership.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a sole proprietorship?

(A) It is a business owned and operated by one person.
(B) The owner of the sole proprietorship is personally liable for the debts and obligations of the business.
(C) The sole proprietorship is not a legal entity separate from its owner.
(D) The sole proprietorship is easy to start and maintain.

Answer

(B) The owner of a sole proprietorship is not personally liable for the debts and obligations of the business. The business itself is liable for its debts and obligations.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a type of business organization?

(A) Corporation
(B) Partnership
(C) Sole proprietorship
(D) Trust

Answer

(D) Trust is a legal arrangement in which a person (the trustee) holds property for the benefit of another person (the beneficiary). It is not a type of business organization.