BIOTIC INTERACTION

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The interaction between the organisms is fundamental for its survival and functioning of ecosystem as a whole.

Type of Biotic Interaction

  1. Mutualism:

both species benefit.

Example: in pollination mutualisms, the pollinator gets food (pollen, nectar), and the plant has its pollen transferred to other flowers for cross-fertilization (Reproduction).

 

  1. Commensalism:

one species benefits, the other is unaffected.

Example: cow dung provides food and shelter to dung beetles. The beetles have no effect on the cows.

 

  1. Competition:

both species are harmed by the interaction.

Example: if two species eat the same food, and there isn’t enough for both, both may have access to less food than they would if alone. They both suffer a shortage of food

 

  1. Predation and parasitism:

one species benefits, the other is harmed.

Example : predation—one fish kills and eats ..parasitism: tick gains benefit by sucking blood; host is harmed by losing blood.

 

  1. Amensalism :

One species is harmed, the other is unaffected.

Example: A large tree shades a small plant, retarding the Growth of the small plant. The small plant has no effect on the large tree.

 

  1. Neutralism :

There is no net benefit or harm to either species. Perhaps in some interspecific interactions, the costs and benefits experienced by each partner are exactly the same so that they sum to zero,

Biotic Interactions

Biotic interactions are the relationships that living things have with each other. These interactions can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral.

Mutualism

Mutualism is a type of biotic interaction in which two species benefit from each other. For example, a type of fish called a cleaner wrasse will eat parasites off of larger fish. The cleaner wrasse gets food, and the larger fish gets rid of parasites.

Commensalism

Commensalism is a type of biotic interaction in which one species benefits from the interaction, while the other species is neither harmed nor benefited. For example, barnacles often attach themselves to whales. The barnacles get a place to live, while the whales are not harmed.

Amensalism

Amensalism is a type of biotic interaction in which one species is harmed by the interaction, while the other species is neither harmed nor benefited. For example, some Plants produce chemicals that inhibit the growth of other plants. The plants that produce the chemicals benefit, while the other plants are harmed.

Parasitism

Parasitism is a type of biotic interaction in which one species, the parasite, benefits from the interaction at the expense of the other species, the host. The parasite may live on or in the host, and it may feed on the host’s blood, Tissues, or other body parts.

Competition

Competition is a type of biotic interaction in which two or more species are trying to obtain the same Resources, such as food, water, or space. Competition can be direct, such as when two animals fight over a piece of food, or it can be indirect, such as when two plants compete for sunlight.

Predation

Predation is a type of biotic interaction in which one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, the prey. Predators are often larger than their prey, and they have adaptations that help them to catch and kill their prey. Prey animals often have adaptations that help them to avoid being eaten, such as camouflage or warning coloration.

Herbivory

Herbivory is a type of biotic interaction in which an animal eats plants. Herbivores are an important part of the food chain, as they help to control the populations of plants.

Carnivory

Carnivory is a type of biotic interaction in which an animal eats other animals. Carnivores are an important part of the food chain, as they help to control the populations of other animals.

Omnivory

Omnivory is a type of biotic interaction in which an animal eats both plants and animals. Omnivores are an important part of the food chain, as they help to control the populations of both plants and animals.

Detritivore

Detritivores are organisms that eat dead organic matter. Detritivores are an important part of the food chain, as they help to break down dead organisms and return nutrients to the Soil.

Biotic interactions are essential for the survival of all living things. They help to regulate populations, control the flow of energy, and recycle nutrients.

Competition

  • What is competition?
    Competition is an interaction between organisms where both organisms are trying to use the same limited resource.

  • What are the different types of competition?
    There are two main types of competition: interspecific competition and intraspecific competition. Interspecific competition is competition between different species, while intraspecific competition is competition between members of the same species.

  • What are some examples of competition?
    Some examples of competition include plants competing for sunlight, animals competing for food, and bacteria competing for nutrients.

Predation

  • What is predation?
    Predation is an interaction between two organisms where one organism, the predator, kills and eats the other organism, the prey.

  • What are the different types of predation?
    There are two main types of predation: active predation and passive predation. Active predation is when the predator actively hunts and kills the prey, while passive predation is when the predator ambushes or traps the prey.

  • What are some examples of predation?
    Some examples of predation include lions hunting zebras, snakes eating mice, and spiders catching flies.

Parasitism

  • What is parasitism?
    Parasitism is an interaction between two organisms where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in the other organism, the host, and benefits from the relationship at the expense of the host.

  • What are the different types of parasitism?
    There are two main types of parasitism: ectoparasitism and endoparasitism. Ectoparasites live on the surface of the host, while endoparasites live inside the host.

  • What are some examples of parasitism?
    Some examples of parasitism include fleas living on dogs, tapeworms living in humans, and mosquitoes biting humans.

Commensalism

  • What is commensalism?
    Commensalism is an interaction between two organisms where one organism benefits from the relationship, while the other organism is neither harmed nor benefited.

  • What are the different types of commensalism?
    There are two main types of commensalism: facultative commensalism and obligate commensalism. Facultative commensalism is when one organism can benefit from the relationship without harming the other organism, while obligate commensalism is when one organism must benefit from the relationship in order to survive.

  • What are some examples of commensalism?
    Some examples of commensalism include barnacles living on whales, epiphytes growing on trees, and remoras hitching rides on sharks.

Mutualism

  • What is mutualism?
    Mutualism is an interaction between two organisms where both organisms benefit from the relationship.

  • What are the different types of mutualism?
    There are two main types of mutualism: facultative mutualism and obligate mutualism. Facultative mutualism is when both organisms can benefit from the relationship without harming each other, while obligate mutualism is when both organisms must benefit from the relationship in order to survive.

  • What are some examples of mutualism?
    Some examples of mutualism include pollination by bees, nitrogen fixation by bacteria, and seed dispersal by animals.

  1. Which of the following is not a type of biotic interaction?
    (A) Competition
    (B) Predation
    (C) Mutualism
    (D) Commensalism

  2. Which of the following is an example of competition?
    (A) A lion eating a zebra
    (B) A flower providing nectar to a bee
    (C) Two plants growing in the same area for sunlight
    (D) A parasite living on a host

  3. Which of the following is an example of predation?
    (A) A lion eating a zebra
    (B) A flower providing nectar to a bee
    (C) Two plants growing in the same area for sunlight
    (D) A parasite living on a host

  4. Which of the following is an example of mutualism?
    (A) A lion eating a zebra
    (B) A flower providing nectar to a bee
    (C) Two plants growing in the same area for sunlight
    (D) A clownfish living in the tentacles of an anemone

  5. Which of the following is an example of commensalism?
    (A) A lion eating a zebra
    (B) A flower providing nectar to a bee
    (C) Two plants growing in the same area for sunlight
    (D) A clownfish living in the tentacles of an anemone

  6. Which of the following is a type of symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit?
    (A) Competition
    (B) Predation
    (C) Mutualism
    (D) Commensalism

  7. Which of the following is a type of symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is not harmed?
    (A) Competition
    (B) Predation
    (C) Mutualism
    (D) Commensalism

  8. Which of the following is a type of symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is harmed?
    (A) Competition
    (B) Predation
    (C) Parasitism
    (D) Commensalism

  9. Which of the following is a type of symbiotic relationship in which two species compete for the same resources?
    (A) Competition
    (B) Predation
    (C) Parasitism
    (D) Commensalism

  10. Which of the following is a type of symbiotic relationship in which one species kills and eats another species?
    (A) Competition
    (B) Predation
    (C) Parasitism
    (D) Commensalism