Bharat Nirman Yojna, MNREGA

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<–2/”>a >Bharat Nirman is a time-bound business plan for action in rural infrastructureThe basic geographical structure of Population distribution will change once India shifts from being agriculture based country to Industry based nation. The Government has launched “Bharat Nirman” for the development of rural Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE. Plans proposed for the development of India Rural Infrastructure are –

  1. Irrigation,
  2. Roads,
  3. Housing,
  4. Water Supply,
  5. Electrification,
  6. Telecommunication Connectivity.

The main thrust of research and development (R&D) in the roads sector is to build a sustainable road infrastructure comparable to the best roads in the world. The various components of this strategy are improvement in design, modernization of construction techniques, introduction of improved material conforming to latest trends, evolving better and appropriate specifications, encouraging development and use of new technologies etc. The dissemination of these matters is done through the publication of new guidelines, code of practices, instructions/circulars, compilation of state-of-the-art reports and seminars/presentations etc. The research schemes sponsored by the Department are generally ‘applied’ in nature, which, once completed, would enable them to be adopted by user agencies/departments in their work in the field. The areas covered are roads, road transport, bridges, traffic and transportation techniques etc. The Department takes the help of various research institutions, academic institutions and universities to implement the schemes.

Irrigartion

Under the Irrigation Component of Bharat Nirman, the target of creation of additional irrigation potential is planned to be met largely through expeditious completion of identified ongoing major and medium irrigation projects. Irrigation potential of is planned to be created by expeditiously completing such ongoing major and medium projects.

There is a definite gap between irrigation potential created and the potential utilized. Under Bharat Nirman it is planned to restore and utilize irrigation potential of 10 lakh hectare through implementation of extension, renovation and modernization of schemes alongwith command area development and water management practices.

There are considerable areas in the country with unutilised ground water Resources. Irrigation potential of 28 lakh hectare is planned to be created through ground water development.

The remaining target for creation of irrigation potential of 10 lakh hectare is planned to be created by way of minor irrigation schemes using surface flow.

 

10 lakh hectare of irrigation potential is also planned by way of repair, renovation and restoration of water bodies and extension, renovation and modernization of minor irrigation schemes.

Roads:

  • Development of GIS based National Highways information system;
  • Guidelines for Soil nailing techniques in highway engineering;
  • Pilot study on effect of overloading on road infrastructure;
  • Investigation on field performance of bituminous mixes with modified binders;
  • R&D Studies on performance evaluation of rigid pavements on high density traffic corridors using instrumentation supported by laboratory tests.

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural EMPLOYMENT Guarantee Act (MGNREGA):

  • Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, aiming at ensuring 100 days’ guaranteed employment for every rural household in a financial year – has put a major emphasis on creation of durable community assets as well as social and economic Infrastructure in Rural Areas.
  • Since its inception, in September 2005, the program has been instrumental in enhancement of rural livelihood opportunities on a sustained basis, by developing need-based rural infrastructures

Main features of selection of work under MGNREGA are:-

  1. All works shall be approved by the Gram Sabha and the Gram Panchayat and shall be part ofthe Annual Shelf of Projects.
  2. The unit costs included in the works below are indicative and project costs for each work willbe estimated depending on the Schedule of Rates (SoR’s) prevalent in the respective region/areaof work.
  3. All activities shall be allowed on land or homestead owned by households belonging tothe Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes or below POVERTY line families or the beneficiariesof Land reforms or the beneficiaries under the Indira Awas Yojana of the Government of India orthat of the small or marginal farmers as defined in the Agriculture Debt Waiver and Debt ReliefScheme, 2008, or the beneficiaries under the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional ForestDwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 (2 of 2007) .
  4. For works to be taken up on private land and homestead, the individual land owner shall be ajob card holder and also work in the project.
  5. It should be ensured that the total material cost (including wages of skilled and semi-skilledworkers) of all works in the Annual Shelf of Projects (including the works suggested under ParaIC of Schedule I taken up in a Gram Panchayat, in a Financial Year, should not exceed 40 %
  6. Only those components of admissible works that lead to creation of durable assets may be takenup under MGNREGA. Items of expenditure that are recurring in nature and/or do not lead tocreation of durable assets, are not permitted under MGNREGA

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Bharat Nirman Yojna was a flagship programme of the Government of India launched in 2005. The programme aimed to improve the infrastructure in rural India by providing access to basic amenities such as roads, housing, irrigation, drinking water, electricity, Health, and livelihood.

The Bharat Nirman Yojna was implemented through eight core schemes:

  • Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY): This scheme was launched to provide all-weather roads to all villages with a population of 500 or more.
  • Indira Awas Yojana (IAY): This scheme was launched to provide housing to the rural poor.
  • Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP): This scheme was launched to provide irrigation facilities to farmers in rural areas.
  • Rural Electrification Programme (RE): This scheme was launched to provide electricity to all villages in India.
  • National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP): This scheme was launched to provide drinking water to all rural households in India.
  • National Rural Health Mission (NRHM): This scheme was launched to improve the health infrastructure in rural areas.
  • National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM): This scheme was launched to provide livelihood opportunities to the rural poor.
  • Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA): This scheme was launched to provide employment to the rural poor.

The Bharat Nirman Yojna was a major success. It resulted in the construction of over 2.5 lakh kilometers of roads, over 4 crore houses, over 1 crore irrigation wells, over 1 lakh rural health centers, and over 1 lakh rural schools. The scheme also resulted in the electrification of over 5 lakh villages and the provision of drinking water to over 6 crore rural households.

The Bharat Nirman Yojna was a major step towards improving the lives of the rural poor in India. It provided them with access to basic amenities such as roads, housing, irrigation, drinking water, electricity, health, and livelihood. The scheme was a major success and resulted in significant improvements in the lives of the rural poor.

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is a flagship programme of the Government of India that aims to provide rural households with at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year. The Act was enacted in 2005 and implemented in 2006.

The MGNREGA is a demand-driven programme, which means that it is the rural households that demand employment under the Act. The households can demand employment for any work that is related to water conservation, land development, drought proofing, flood control, irrigation, rural roads, afforestation, and other similar works.

The MGNREGA is a wage-employment programme, which means that the workers are paid a minimum wage for their work. The minimum wage is fixed by the government and is revised periodically. The workers are also paid an incentive of 25% of the minimum wage if they complete their work within the stipulated time.

The MGNREGA is a social security programme, which means that it provides the workers with a number of social security benefits. These benefits include provident fund, insurance, maternity benefits, and death benefits.

The MGNREGA has been a major success. It has provided employment to over 40 crore rural households and has helped to improve the lives of the rural poor. The Act has also helped to create assets in rural areas, such as roads, water bodies, and irrigation facilities.

The MGNREGA has faced a number of challenges, such as delays in payment of wages, Corruption, and lack of transparency. However, the government has taken steps to address these challenges and the MGNREGA is now a well-functioning programme.

The MGNREGA is a major step towards achieving the goal of inclusive development in India. It has helped to improve the lives of the rural poor and has created assets in rural areas. The Act is a success story and it is a model for other countries to emulate.

What is the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)?

The Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) is a flagship scheme of the Ministry of Skill development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) to provide skill training to 1 crore youth in India over a period of 3 years. The scheme was launched on 15 July 2015.

What are the objectives of PMKVY?

The objectives of PMKVY are to:

  • Provide skill training to 1 crore youth in India over a period of 3 years.
  • Promote entrepreneurship and self-employment among youth.
  • Bridge the demand-supply gap in the skilled workforce.
  • Make India a global hub for skill development.

Who is eligible for PMKVY?

Any Indian citizen who is above 18 years of age and below 35 years of age is eligible for PMKVY. The applicant should have passed Class 10 or equivalent examination.

What are the benefits of PMKVY?

The benefits of PMKVY are:

  • Free skill training.
  • Stipend during training.
  • Placement assistance.
  • Loan assistance for self-employment.

How can I apply for PMKVY?

You can apply for PMKVY online through the official website of the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE). You can also apply offline through the training institutes that are approved by the MSDE.

What are the different types of training offered under PMKVY?

The different types of training offered under PMKVY are:

  • National Skill Qualifications Framework (NSQF)-based training.
  • Industry-specific training.
  • Entrepreneurship training.

How much does it cost to train under PMKVY?

The cost of training under PMKVY is free for all eligible candidates. The government will bear the entire cost of training.

How long does it take to complete a training under PMKVY?

The duration of training under PMKVY varies from 3 months to 2 years, depending on the type of training.

What are the job prospects after completing a training under PMKVY?

The job prospects after completing a training under PMKVY are very good. The government has set a target of creating 1 crore jobs through PMKVY. The scheme has already created over 2 lakh jobs.

What are the challenges faced by PMKVY?

The challenges faced by PMKVY are:

  • Lack of awareness about the scheme.
  • Lack of quality training institutes.
  • Lack of placement opportunities.

What are the future plans for PMKVY?

The future plans for PMKVY are to:

  • Increase the number of training institutes.
  • Increase the number of training slots.
  • Increase the number of jobs created.
  • Make PMKVY a global brand.

  1. Which of the following is not a component of the Bharat Nirman Yojana?
    (A) Rural Roads
    (B) Rural Housing
    (C) Urban Water Supply
    (D) National Highways

  2. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is a social security legislation and an employment guarantee programme in India enacted by the UPA government in 2005. Which of the following is not a key feature of the MGNREGA?
    (A) It guarantees 100 days of employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.
    (B) The wages under the MGNREGA are paid at the statutory minimum wage rate.
    (C) The work under the MGNREGA is to be provided within 5 km of the applicant’s home.
    (D) The MGNREGA is a demand-driven programme, which means that the work is to be provided as per the demand of the people.

  3. The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) is a Financial Inclusion scheme launched by the Government of India in 2014. Which of the following is not a key feature of the PMJDY?
    (A) It aims to provide a bank account to every household in India.
    (B) It also aims to provide a RuPay debit card to every account holder.
    (C) It also aims to provide accident insurance cover of Rs. 2 lakh to every account holder.
    (D) It also aims to provide life insurance cover of Rs. 3 lakh to every account holder.

  4. The Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) is a skill development scheme launched by the Government of India in 2015. Which of the following is not a key feature of the PMKVY?
    (A) It aims to provide training to 50 million people in different skills.
    (B) It aims to provide training to 10 million people in new-age skills.
    (C) It aims to provide 100% placement assistance to all the trainees.
    (D) It aims to provide a stipend of Rs. 3,000 per month to all the trainees.

  5. The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) is a housing scheme launched by the Government of India in 2015. Which of the following is not a key feature of the PMAY?
    (A) It aims to provide a house to every poor family in India by 2022.
    (B) It provides financial assistance to the poor families to build or buy a house.
    (C) It also provides interest subsidy to the poor families on the loans taken for building or buying a house.
    (D) It also provides a subsidy of Rs. 2.67 lakh to the poor families for building or buying a house.