Notes and Study material for Exams
rawan239Electromagnetic Wave Electromagnetic Wave are waves composed of undulating electrical fields and magnetic fields. The different kinds of electromagnetic waves, such as Light and radio waves, form the electromagnetic spectrum. All electromagnetic waves have the same speed in a vacuum, a speed expressed by the letter c (the speed of light) and equal to about … Read more
Semiconductor Devices:- Semiconductor devices are electronic components that exploit the electronic properties of semiconductor materials, principally silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenide, as well as organic semiconductors. Semiconductor devices have replaced thermionic devices (vacuum tubes) in most applications. There are two basic groups or classifications that can be used to define the different semiconductor types: Intrinsic … Read more
Nuclear physics Atoms in nature generally are electrically neutral, as they have equal numbers of protons in the nucleus and orbiting electrons. However, within the nucleus there are other particles called neutrons, which are electrically neutral but have about the same mass as protons. There are two numbers used to characterize a nucleus: Z, the … Read more
The photoelectric effect The photoelectric effect is the emission, or ejection, of electrons from the surface of, generally, a Metal in response to incident Light.A material that can exhibit The photoelectric effect is said to be photoemissive, and the ejected electrons are called photoelectrons. The process was discovered by Heinrich Hertz in 1887. Attempts to … Read more
Ray Optics The wave model of Light has one serious drawback, though: Unlike other wave phenomena such as Sound, or surface waves, it wasn‟t clear what the medium was that supported light waves. Giving it a name – the “luminiferous aether” – didn‟t help. James Clerk Maxwell‟s (1831 – 1879) theory of electromagnetism, however, showed … Read more
Moving Charge and Magnetism Magnetism is a phenomenon produced by the motion of electric charge, which results in attractive and repulsive forces between objects. A magnet is any piece of material that has the property of attracting iron (or steel). Magnetite, also known as lodestone, is a naturally occurring rock that is a magnet. This … Read more
Waves A wave can be described as a disturbance that travels through a medium from one location to another location.It is a disturbance or variation that transfers energy progressively from point to point. It may take the form of an elastic deformation, a variation of pressure, electric or magnetic intensity, electric potential, or temperature. When … Read more
Rotational Motion A rotation is a circular movement of an object around a center (or point) of rotation . A three-dimensional object always rotates around an imaginary line called a rotation axis. If the axis passes through the body’s center of mass, the body is said to rotate upon itself, or spin. A rigid body … Read more
Work energy and power Work is said to be done when a force applied on the body displaces the body through a certain distance in the direction of force.Mathematically, work is the force-displacement product (for those of you who prefer algebra) W = F x s cos a or the force-displacement path integral (for those … Read more
Motion Motion is a change in position of an object with respect to time. Motion is typically described in terms of displacement, distance, velocity, acceleration, time and speed. The branch of physics which deals with the study of motion of material objects is called mechanics. Mechanics is divided into following branches. (i) Statics : Statics … Read more