AQUA CULTURE

the cultivation of aquatic organisms.
aquaculture, also known as aquafarming, implies the cultivation of aquatic populations under controlled conditions.
Mariculture refers to aquaculture practiced in marine environments.
Particular kinds of aquaculture include agriculture (the production of kelp, seaweed, and other algae), fish farming, shrimp farming, shellfish farming, and growing of cultured pearls.

Growth and Development of Aquaculture

has been used in China since circa 2500 BC.
practice of aquaculture gained prevalence in Europe during theMiddle Ages since fish were scarce and thus expensive.
Americans were rarely involved in aquaculture until the late 20th century but California residents harvested wild kelp and made legal efforts to manage the supply starting circa 1900, later even producing it as a wartime resource.
the rise of aquaculture is a contemporary phenomenon.

Types of Aquaculture 1. Algaculture

A form of aquaculture involving the farming of species of algae.
Majority of algae are intentionally cultivated fall into the category of microalgae, also referred to as phytoplankton, microphytes, or planktonic algae.
Macro algae, commonly known as seaweed, also have many commercial and industrial uses, but due to their size and the specific requirements of the Environment in which they need to grow, they do not lend themselves as readily to cultivation on a large scale as microalgae and are most often harvested wild from the ocean.

Fish Farming

The principal form of aquaculture, while other methods may fall under mariculture.
Involves raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food.
Fish species raised by fish farms include salmon, catfish, tilapia, cod, carp, trout, and others.
Increasing demands on wild Fisheries-2/”>Fisheries by commercial fishing operations have caused widespread overfishing.
Offers an alternative solution to the increasing market demand for fish and fish protein.

Freshwater Prawn Farming

An aquaculture business designed to raise and produce freshwater prawn or shrimp for human consumption.
Shares many characteristics with, and many of the same problems as, marine shrimp farming.
Unique problems are introduced by the development life cycle of the main species (the giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergiz).

Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture

A practice in which the by- products (wastes) from one species are recycled to become inputs ( fertilisers, food) for another.
Fed aquaculture (e.g. fish, shrimp) is combined with inorganic extractive (e.g. seaweed) and organic extractive (e.g. shellfish) aquaculture to create balanced systems for environmental sustainability (biomitigation), economic stability (product diversification and risk reduction), and social acceptability (better management practices).

Mariculture

a specialised branch of aquaculture involving the cultivation of Marine Organisms for food and other products in the open ocean, an enclosed section of the ocean, or in tanks, ponds or raceways which are filled with seawater.
the farming of marine fish, prawns, or oysters in saltwater ponds.
Non-food products produced by mariculture include Fish Meal, nutrient agar, jewelleries ( e.g. cultured pearls), and cosmetics.

Shrimp Farming

an aquaculture for the cultivation of marine shrimp for human consumption.
Commercial shrimp farming began in the 1970s, and production grew steeply, particularly to match the market demands of the US, Japan, and Western Europe.
About 75°/o of farmed shrimp is produced in Asia, in particular in China and Thailand.
The other 25% is produced mainly in Latin America, where Brazil is the largest producer.
The largest exporting nation is Thailand.
Shrimp farming on modern lines is being done in Andhra Pradesh (Nellore District), a state of India (see Blue Revolution)

Strategies for the Fisheries Development

Under the Jawahar Rozgar Yojna, village panchayats have been authorised to carry out fisheries development programmes in respective villages.
Under the programme of Development of Model Fishermen Villages, basic civic amenities such as housing, drinking water and construction of community halls for fishermen villages are provided.
Brackish Fish Farmers Development Agencies (BFDA) functioning in the coastal areas of the country is providing a package of technical, financial and extension support to shrimp farmers.
Insurance facilities have been extended to fishermen for the insurance and security of their life.
The government is collecting data on the micro-climates of various water bodies to promote fisheries in the country.

Problems and Prospects

Most of the fishermen are poor. They are not able to purchase good equipment to improve the harvest of fish.
The water bodies (rivers, lakes, ponds, and coastal areas of the seas) are increasingly polluted.
The area of paddy fields in which fisheries used to be kept is also decreasing under the impact of fast growth of Population, industrialisation, and Urbanisation.
Adequate information about the environment of water-bodies (ponds, lakes, rivers, and sea is not available).
Unpredictable nature of monsoon as a result of which the inland fisheries suffer adversely.
Problem of Marketing, storage, and transportation.
Inadequacy of research and extension service facilities.
There is need of Pink Revolution (Prawns) in the coastal regions of the country.

BLUE REVOLUTION IN INDIA

the adoption of a package programme to increase the production of fish and marine products.
started in 1970 during the Fifth Five-Year Plan when the Central Government sponsored the Fish Farmers Development Agency (FFDA).
Subsequently, the Brakish Water Fish Farms Development Agency were set up to develop aquaculture.
brought improvement in aquaculture by adopting new techniques of fish breeding, fish rearing, fish marketing, and fish export.
tremendous increase in the production of shrimp. Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu have developed shrimp in a big way.
The Nellore District of Andhra Pradesh is known as the ‘Shrimp Capital of India’.
There are more than 1800 species of fish found in the sea and inland waters of India, of which a very few are commercially important.
important sea fish include catfish, herring, mackerels, perches, mullets, Indian salmon, shell fish, eels, anchovies, and dorab.
the main fresh water fish include catfish, loaches, perches, eels, herrings, feather backs, mullets, carps, prawns, murrels, and anchovies.
Marine fisheries contribute about 50 per cent of the total fish production of the country.
Kerala is the leading producer followed by Maharashtra, Karnataka, Gujarat, and Goa.
The fishing season extends from September to March.
The higher fish production in the Arabian Sea is due to the broader continental shelf.
The important fish varieties include sardines, mackerel and prawn.
The East Coast contributes about 28 per cent of the total production of marine fish in the country.
The fishing activity along the East coast is mainly carried on from Rameswaram in the south to Ganjam in the north, with fishing season from September to April along the Coromandal Coast.
The National Fisheries Development Board has been set up to realize the untapped potential of fishery sector with the application of modern tools of research and development including Biotechnology.

Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms including fish, crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic Plants. Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater and saltwater organisms under controlled conditions, and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the harvesting of wild fish.

Aquaculture is a rapidly growing Industry, with production increasing by an Average of 8% per year since 1970. In 2018, global aquaculture production was 114 million tonnes, valued at US$270 billion. China is the world’s largest producer of farmed fish, followed by India, Indonesia, Vietnam and Bangladesh.

There are many different types of aquaculture, including cage aquaculture, closed containment aquaculture, fish farming, integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, marine aquaculture, ornamental fish farming, recirculating aquaculture system, shrimp farming, sustainable aquaculture, tidal aquaculture and wetlands aquaculture.

Cage aquaculture is the most common type of aquaculture, and involves raising fish in floating cages in open water. Cage aquaculture is a relatively low-cost and efficient way to produce fish, but it can be environmentally damaging if not managed properly.

Closed containment aquaculture is a more recent type of aquaculture that involves raising fish in tanks or other enclosed structures. Closed containment aquaculture is more expensive than cage aquaculture, but it is less environmentally damaging.

Fish farming is the practice of raising fish for food. Fish farming can be done in freshwater or saltwater, and can involve a variety of different species of fish. Fish farming is a major source of food for humans, and is also used to produce fishmeal and fish oil.

Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) is a type of aquaculture that integrates the production of fish with the production of other aquatic organisms, such as seaweed or shellfish. IMTA can be a more sustainable form of aquaculture than traditional methods, as it can help to reduce the environmental impact of fish farming.

Marine aquaculture is the cultivation of aquatic organisms in marine environments. Marine aquaculture can be done in a variety of different ways, including cage aquaculture, open-ocean aquaculture and land-based aquaculture. Marine aquaculture is a growing industry, and is expected to continue to grow in the future.

Ornamental fish farming is the practice of raising fish for the aquarium trade. Ornamental fish farming is a global industry, and is estimated to be worth billions of dollars. Ornamental fish farming can be done in a variety of different ways, including cage aquaculture, closed containment aquaculture and recirculating aquaculture system.

Recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) is a type of aquaculture that uses recirculating water systems to raise fish. RAS systems are more efficient and environmentally friendly than traditional aquaculture methods, and are becoming increasingly popular.

Shrimp farming is the practice of raising shrimp for food. Shrimp farming is a major source of food for humans, and is also used to produce shrimpmeal and shrimp oil. Shrimp farming is a controversial practice, as it can have a negative impact on the environment.

Sustainable aquaculture is a type of aquaculture that is managed in a way that minimizes its environmental impact. Sustainable aquaculture can be done in a variety of different ways, including using environmentally friendly feed, reducing the use of antibiotics and pesticides, and protecting the surrounding environment.

Tidal aquaculture is a type of aquaculture that is done in tidal areas. Tidal aquaculture can be done in a variety of different ways, including cage aquaculture, open-ocean aquaculture and land-based aquaculture. Tidal aquaculture is a growing industry, and is expected to continue to grow in the future.

Wetlands aquaculture is a type of aquaculture that is done in wetlands. Wetlands aquaculture can be done in a variety of different ways, including cage aquaculture, open-water aquaculture and land-based aquaculture. Wetlands aquaculture is a sustainable form of aquaculture, as it can help to protect the environment.

Aquaculture is a complex and rapidly growing industry. There are many different types of aquaculture, and each type has its own advantages and disadvantages. Aquaculture can be a sustainable form of food production, but it is important to manage aquaculture in a way that minimizes its environmental impact.

Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about the topic of agriculture.

What is agriculture?
Agriculture is the practice of cultivating plants and Livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. The history of agriculture began thousands of years ago. After gathering wild grains beginning at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers began to plant them around 11,500 years ago. Pigs, sheep and cattle were domesticated over 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world.
What are the different types of agriculture?
There are many different types of agriculture, but some of the most common include:
- Crop cultivation: This is the practice of growing crops, such as fruits, vegetables, and grains.
- Livestock production: This is the practice of raising livestock, such as cattle, pigs, and chickens.
- Aquaculture: This is the practice of raising fish and other aquatic animals.
- Horticulture-2/”>Horticulture: This is the practice of growing fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants.
- Silviculture: This is the practice of managing forests for timber production.
What are the benefits of agriculture?
Agriculture provides many benefits to Society, including:
- Food: Agriculture provides us with the food we need to survive.
- Fiber: Agriculture provides us with the fiber we need to make clothes and other products.
- Fuel: Agriculture provides us with the fuel we need to power our vehicles and other machines.
- EMPLOYMENT: Agriculture provides jobs for millions of people around the world.
- Economic Development: Agriculture is a major driver of economic development in many countries.
What are the challenges of agriculture?
Agriculture faces many challenges, including:
- Climate change: Climate Change is causing extreme weather events, such as droughts and floods, which are making it difficult to grow crops.
- Pests and diseases: Pests and diseases can devastate crops and livestock, causing food shortages and economic losses.
- Water scarcity: Water is a scarce resource in many parts of the world, and agriculture is a major user of water.
- Soil degradation: Soil degradation is a major problem in many parts of the world, and it can make it difficult to grow crops.
- Deforestation: Deforestation is a major problem in many parts of the world, and it can lead to soil erosion and climate change.
What is the future of agriculture?
The future of agriculture is uncertain, but it is likely that climate change, pests and diseases, water scarcity, soil degradation, and deforestation will continue to be major challenges. In order to address these challenges, it is important to develop new technologies and practices that are sustainable and resilient.

What is the process of raising aquatic organisms for food?
(A) Aquaculture
(B) Agriculture
(C) Forestry
(D) Animal Husbandry
What is the most common type of aquaculture?
(A) Fish farming
(B) Shrimp farming
(C) Oyster farming
(D) Mussel farming
What are some of the benefits of aquaculture?
(A) It can provide a source of food for humans.
(B) It can help to reduce the pressure on wild fish stocks.
(C) It can create jobs in rural areas.
(D) All of the above
What are some of the challenges of aquaculture?
(A) It can pollute the environment.
(B) It can spread diseases to wild fish populations.
(C) It can be expensive to operate.
(D) All of the above
What is the future of aquaculture?
(A) It is expected to continue to grow in the coming years.
(B) It is expected to become more sustainable.
(C) It is expected to play an increasingly important role in the global food supply.
(D) All of the above
What are some of the ethical issues surrounding aquaculture?
(A) The use of antibiotics in fish farms.
(B) The use of genetically modified fish.
(C) The treatment of fish workers.
(D) All of the above
What are some of the regulations governing aquaculture?
(A) The use of antibiotics in fish farms.
(B) The use of genetically modified fish.
(C) The treatment of fish workers.
(D) All of the above
What are some of the environmental impacts of aquaculture?
(A) Water Pollution.
(B) Sedimentation.
(C) Loss of Biodiversity-2/”>Biodiversity.
(D) All of the above
What are some of the social impacts of aquaculture?
(A) Job creation.
(B) Income generation.
(C) Food Security.
(D) All of the above
What are some of the economic impacts of aquaculture?
(A) Increased exports.
(B) Increased employment.
(C) Increased government revenue.
(D) All of the above