Animal Husbandry in Odisha

Animal husbandry has tremendous potential for EMPLOYMENT generation .Dairy farming. sheep farming, goat farming, Poultry farming & pig farming provide excellent opportunity for self employment. This sector has great role to play in POVERTY reduction and employment generation.

Livestock products account for more than 20 % of the total value of agricultural output in Odisha.Livestock production, furthermore, is partially rural based, contributing significantly to Food Security and sustainability, in addition to livestock performing a number of social, economic and cultural roles and functions in these areas. Livestock food products are major contributors to a balanced diet.

Livestock Sector in Odisha is highly livelihood intensive and 80% of its rural households own livestock of one species or the other and earn supplementary income for the family. Animal husbandry and poultry farming are expected to play an important role in supplementing the limited income and employment opportunities particularly for the small and marginal holdings. Next to agriculture, animal husbandry is the most important economic activity in the rural Odisha, which is significantly contributing around 4 % to Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP). The Department is implementing programmes for breeding, feeding, management of livestock and poultry on scientific methods through the Directorate of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services, Odisha.

The dairy and the poultry development activities are being accelerated with a view to augment livestock productivity in terms of milk, meat and egg thereby to contribute for food production along with alleviation of rural poverty. There are 540 Veterinary Hospitals/Dispensaries and 2939 Livestock Aid Centers functioning under this department, out of which 130 VDs and 621 LACs are functioning in KBK districts and these veterinary Institutions are providing services to livestock.

Livestock diversity in Odisha

Odisha with its varied culture base inherited from ancient times is endowed with large rivers and dense forest that have helped development of various livestock and poultry species with wide diversity. Its rich animal genetic resource base has been further strengthened by import of various animals by the maritime community of the ancient Kalinga Empire. The historical treatise and sculptures on temples and other archaeological monuments in Odisha give the evidence that the different types of animals such as European draught horses and other precious domestic animals were brought from other countries to Odisha in medieval ages. Besides, various tribal ethnic groups have traditionally preserved varieties of crop as well as livestock Population over thousands of years. Recent import of exotic and improved animal breeds by missionaries and government agencies has further strengthened the livestock Resources in Odisha.

The State has a strong agricultural and livestock base rich in Biodiversity-2/”>Biodiversity. The sheep and goat found in Odisha are known for their resistance to common endoparasites. They are also highly prolific and possess exceptional quality to survive in Water Logging condition. Similarly, some of the cattle and buffalo breeds found in Odisha have good qualities for Growth Reproduction and survivability under summer and saline harsh conditions. Wild types of buffaloes have been found in different regions of State. Odisha possesses rich source of fowl germplasm, which has been patronised since ages by tribals of Koraput, Kalahandi, Mayurbhanj, Keonjhar, Phulbani, Sundergarh and other hill districts.

1.Cattle germplasm Characteristics

(a) Motu Breed: Small, milk and drought breed, live on scanty grazing under the open condition throughout the year and are regular breeders.

(b)Birnjharpuri Cattle Breed: A smaller upgraded Haryana type animal.

(c)Ghoomsoori Cattle Breed: Small size, hardy draft breed of Ganjam, Phulbani districts, Odisha extending into Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh.

(d)Kharial Breed: Small sized compact and draught purpose breed.

Buffalo Germplasm

(a) Parlakhimendi Breed: Medium sized, swamp type to look, milch breed. They are best road graziers, regular breeders.

(b) Manda Breed: Medium sized, breed on hills and forests, hardy and live without housing facilities, best drought ability. Prospectus to improve milk yield is existing. They are having highest fat of South Odisha breeds. Very small population existing.

(c) Jirangi Breed: Small sized, hardy draught purpose, fast working animals bred on hills and high altitude with high fat % in milk.

(d) Kalahandi Breed: Medium sized, very hardy slow working, draught type breed. Well known for longevity.

(e) Kujang Breed: Medium sized, relatively less compact, stand on flood and graze on the river banks, medium milking breed.

Goat Germplasm

(a) Black Bengal Goat :Small, highly prolific, early prolific, early maturing goat, stands well to water logging conditions. The breed thrives well on grass grazing. Chevon and skin is valued.

(b)Malkangiri Goat: Early maturing, prolific, kidding twice in 14 months, mostly twins, heavy chevon goats.

(c)Raighar Goat: Early maturing, prolific, kidding twice in 14 months, mostly twins sometimes triplets, good milk goat and good chevon quality.

(d)Ganjam breed: Leggy, low prolificacy, late maturing, annual single kidding, slow growing goat with aggressive grazing habit. Goatish odour present.

(e)Narayanapatna breed: A mutton type prolific breed, twin kidding, 14 to 15 month two kiddings, large goat with good udder and teats.

(f)Koraput Hill Goat: Early maturity, prolific, kidding twice in 14 months, mostly give twins, fastest growing goats for chevon production.

Sheep Germplasm

(a) Kuzi Sheep Breed: Wooly, little breed, highly prolific and best adopt to coast region.

(b) Ganjam Sheep Breed: Hairy, short tail, medium type, less prolific annual single lambing, mutton sheep solely live on road side grazing (in rains).

(c) Koraput Sheep Breed: Coarse wool to hairy, short tail, small to medium size, annual single lambing sheep for mutton.

(d)Machkund strain: Coarse wool, short tail, small size, highly prolific strain, early maturity, Koraput sheep twice lambing in 14 months, some twins and very rarely triplets, mutton type sheep solely live on grazing.

Poultry Germplasm

(a) Kalahandi Breed : Smallest, early maturing, prolific, high hatchability, fast growing birds living on scrap feeding. Good predator escaping ability.

(b) Vezaguda Breed : Medium size, quick growing, prolific, high hatchability, game type bird.

(c) Dhinki Breed : Large size, quick growing, least feathers, less prolific and low hatchability birds and are individual home fed.

(d) Hazra Breed : Medium to large size, quick growing, prolific poultry breed in Mayurbhanj district. The breast muscle is prominent.

(e) Phulbani Breed : Medium in size, high prolific mostly with rose comb found in Phulbani district.

Dairy development in Odisha

Dairy sub sector plays a vital role in rural economy. The value of output from dairy sectors from milk in Odisha at current price was about Rs. 5583.00 crores during the year 2013-14. This does not include the value out puts derived from fuel, manure, draft power, skin & hides etc. Despite the fl uctuating growth rate in agriculture, the growth rate in dairy sector is steady. The steady and sustainable growth has been achieved despite of the fact that the Investment in this sector was not substantial compared to agriculture.

The processing & Marketing of milk in the State has taken care by Odisha State Cooperative Milk Producers’ Federation Ltd (OMFED). OMFED was established in the year 1980 under Operation Flood – II programme. Since inception OMFED as the Apex Dairy Cooperative of the State is dedicatedly working for the socio-Economic Development of the dairy farmers and also serving to meet the requirement of the consumers by ensuring the supply of nutritious pasteurized milk and delicious milk products. As on March-2015, 5409 nos. of self governed village level Dairy Cooperative Societies are organized with 2,77,117 farmer members and procuring on an Average 5.50 lakh liters of milk per day.,

Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock. It is a diverse Industry, encompassing the breeding, feeding, and care of livestock, as well as the production of meat, milk, eggs, and other animal products.

Animal husbandry has been practiced for thousands of years, and it is an important part of the economy in many countries. In Odisha, animal husbandry is a major Source Of Income for many people. The state has a large livestock population, including cattle, buffalo, goats, sheep, pigs, and poultry.

Dairy farming is the most important type of animal husbandry in Odisha. The state has a large dairy herd, and milk is a major source of protein for the population. Poultry farming is also important, and Odisha is a major producer of eggs. Pig farming is less common, but it is growing in popularity. Sheep and goat farming are also important, and the state is a major producer of wool and meat.

Animal husbandry is a vital part of the economy in Odisha. It provides employment for millions of people, and it contributes to the state’s food security. Animal husbandry also plays an important role in the state’s culture and traditions.

Dairy farming is the most important type of animal husbandry in Odisha. The state has a large dairy herd, and milk is a major source of protein for the population. In 2019, the state had a total of 12.5 million cattle, of which 8.5 million were cows and 4 million were buffalo. The state also had a total of 100 million poultry birds, of which 60 million were chickens and 40 million were ducks.

Poultry farming is also important, and Odisha is a major producer of eggs. In 2019, the state produced 1.5 billion eggs. Pig farming is less common, but it is growing in popularity. In 2019, the state had a total of 1 million pigs. Sheep and goat farming are also important, and the state is a major producer of wool and meat. In 2019, the state had a total of 10 million sheep and 5 million goats.

The following are some of the challenges faced by the animal husbandry sector in Odisha:

Low productivity: The productivity of livestock in Odisha is low compared to other states in India. This is due to a number of factors, including poor quality feed, inadequate veterinary care, and lack of awareness among farmers about modern animal husbandry practices.
Disease: Livestock diseases are a major problem in Odisha. The state has a high incidence of diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease, brucellosis, and mastitis. These diseases can cause significant losses to farmers.
Lack of Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE: The animal husbandry sector in Odisha lacks adequate infrastructure. There are not enough veterinary hospitals and dispensaries, and the quality of animal feed is poor. This makes it difficult for farmers to raise healthy livestock.
Lack of awareness: There is a lack of awareness among farmers about modern animal husbandry practices. This is due to a number of factors, including low levels of Education, poor access to information, and the traditional nature of the livestock sector.

The following are some of the initiatives taken by the government of Odisha to address the challenges faced by the animal husbandry sector:

The government has launched a number of schemes to improve the productivity of livestock. These schemes include the National Dairy Development Programme (NDDP), the Rashtriya Gokul Mission (RGM), and the National Programme for Bovine Breeding and Development (NPBBD).
The government has also taken steps to improve the infrastructure for animal husbandry. This includes the construction of veterinary hospitals and dispensaries, and the development of feed mills.
The government has also launched a number of awareness campaigns to educate farmers about modern animal husbandry practices. These campaigns are being conducted through the media, extension services, and farmer training programs.

The initiatives taken by the government of Odisha have had a positive impact on the animal husbandry sector. The productivity of livestock has increased, and the incidence of diseases has declined. The quality of animal feed has also improved, and farmers are now more aware of modern animal husbandry practices.

What is animal husbandry?

Animal husbandry is the care, breeding, and management of domesticated animals. It is a branch of agriculture that deals with the production of livestock, such as cattle, sheep, pigs, and poultry.

What are the benefits of animal husbandry?

Animal husbandry provides a number of benefits, including:

Food: Livestock provide us with meat, milk, eggs, and other food products.
Fiber: Animals such as sheep and alpacas provide us with wool, which can be used to make clothing and other textiles.
Labor: Animals can be used for transportation, plowing, and other tasks.
Manure: Animal manure can be used as a fertilizer to improve crop yields.
Companionship: Animals can provide us with companionship and emotional support.

What are the challenges of animal husbandry?

Animal husbandry also presents a number of challenges, including:

Disease: Animals can be susceptible to a variety of diseases, which can spread to humans.
Pollution: Animal waste can pollute the Environment.
Animal welfare: Some people believe that animal husbandry is cruel and inhumane.
Overpopulation: The overpopulation of livestock can damage the environment.

What are the different types of animal husbandry?

There are many different types of animal husbandry, depending on the type of animal being raised. Some common types of animal husbandry include:

Beef cattle ranching: This involves raising cattle for their meat.
Dairy farming: This involves raising cows for their milk.
Sheep farming: This involves raising sheep for their wool and meat.
Pig farming: This involves raising pigs for their meat.
Poultry farming: This involves raising chickens, ducks, and other birds for their meat and eggs.

What are the different methods of animal husbandry?

There are many different methods of animal husbandry, depending on the type of animal being raised and the goals of the farmer. Some common methods of animal husbandry include:

Free-range farming: This involves raising animals outdoors, where they can roam freely.
Pasture-based farming: This involves raising animals on pasture, where they can graze on grass and other Plants.
Confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs): This involves raising animals in large, enclosed facilities.

What are the different regulations governing animal husbandry?

There are many different regulations governing animal husbandry, depending on the country or region. Some common regulations include:

Animal welfare laws: These laws protect the welfare of animals raised for food or other purposes.
Food safety laws: These laws ensure that food products from animals are safe for human consumption.
Environmental protection laws: These laws protect the environment from the impacts of animal husbandry.

What is the future of animal husbandry?

The future of animal husbandry is uncertain. Some experts believe that the demand for meat and other animal products will continue to grow, while others believe that the demand for these products will decline as people become more aware of the environmental and ethical impacts of animal husbandry.

Which of the following is not a type of animal husbandry?
(A) Dairy farming
(B) Poultry farming
(C) Pig farming
(D) Animal husbandry in Odisha
Which of the following is the most common type of animal husbandry in the world?
(A) Dairy farming
(B) Poultry farming
(C) Pig farming
(D) Animal husbandry in Odisha
Which of the following is the most common type of animal husbandry in India?
(A) Dairy farming
(B) Poultry farming
(C) Pig farming
(D) Animal husbandry in Odisha
Which of the following is the most common type of animal husbandry in Odisha?
(A) Dairy farming
(B) Poultry farming
(C) Pig farming
(D) None of the above
Which of the following is the most important animal for dairy farming?
(A) Cow
(B) Buffalo
(C) Goat
(D) Sheep
Which of the following is the most important animal for poultry farming?
(A) Chicken
(B) Duck
(C) Goose
(D) Turkey
Which of the following is the most important animal for pig farming?
(A) Pig
(B) Hog
(C) Boar
(D) Sow
Which of the following is the most important animal for animal husbandry in Odisha?
(A) Cow
(B) Buffalo
(C) Goat
(D) Sheep
Which of the following is the most common breed of cow in India?
(A) Sahiwal
(B) Gir
(C) Tharparkar
(D) Karan Friesian
Which of the following is the most common breed of buffalo in India?
(A) Murrah
(B) Nili Ravi
(C) Surti
(D) Bhadawari
Which of the following is the most common breed of goat in India?
(A) Jamunapari
(B) Beetal
(C) Anglo Nubian
(D) Saanen
Which of the following is the most common breed of sheep in India?
(A) Merino
(B) Corriedale
(C) Suffolk
(D) Dorset
Which of the following is the most common breed of pig in India?
(A) White Yorkshire
(B) Landrace
(C) Duroc
(D) Hampshire
Which of the following is the most important crop for dairy farming?
(A) Maize
(B) Soybean
(C) Wheat
(D) Rice
Which of the following is the most important crop for poultry farming?
(A) Maize
(B) Soybean
(C) Wheat
(D) Rice
Which of the following is the most important crop for pig farming?
(A) Maize
(B) Soybean
(C) Wheat
(D) Rice
Which of the following is the most important feed for dairy cattle?
(A) Hay
(B) Silage
(C) Grain
(D) Pasture
Which of the following is the most important feed for poultry?
(A) Corn
(B) Soybean meal
(C) Wheat bran
(D) Fish Meal
Which of the following is the most important feed for pigs?
(A) Corn
(B) Soybean meal
(C) Wheat bran
(D) Fish meal
Which of the following is the most important disease of dairy cattle?
(A) Mastitis
(B) Johne’s disease
(C) Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)
(D) Foot-and-mouth disease
Which of the following is the most important disease of poultry?
(A) Avian influenza
(B) Newcastle disease
(C) Marek’s disease
(D) Infectious bronchitis
Which of the following is the most important disease of pigs?
(A) African swine fever
(B) Classical swine fever
(C) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)
(D) Swine dysentery
Which of the following is the most important organization for dairy farmers in India?
(A) National Dairy Development Board (NDDB)
(B) Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF)
(C) Amul
(D) Mother Dairy
Which of the following is the