Animal husbandry

<–2/”>a >Chhattisgarh is rich in Livestock wealth. Livestock sector contributes about 23 percent to the value of agricultural sector output. A majority of the rural households possesses one or another species of livestock. The distribution of livestock holdings is more equitable as compared to land, indicating that the poor have more opportunities in livestock production than in crop production.

The livestock in Chhattisgarh is an integral part of the mixed crop live stock system where crop production meets most of the feed and fodder requirements of livestock and they provide draught power and dung manure for crop production. Such a synergy is considered beneficial for sustainability of crop and live stock production and household Food Security.

Small–holder farmers dominate the rural sector of Chhattisgarh. About 73 percent of land holdings are less than 2 ha with an area share of 29 percent. For these households crop production is unlikely to be the sole source of livelihood. They sustain from off–farm and non–farm activities like Animal Husbandry and mostly maintain animals as a regular source of food and cash income. With the increase in per–capita income, the consumption of livestock products increased much faster than food grains over the last decade which has facilitated market trends for livestock and Poultry products. Strategic interventions are required to ensure that the small livestock producers gain from the expanding market.

Livestock and Poultry Status

Chhattisgarh is rich in livestock wealth with1.27 crore animals – cattle Population is the highest with 64 percent followed by goats [16 percent] buffaloes [14 percent] and sheep and pigs [6 percent]. Animal in general are smaller in size with poor production potentials coupled with inadequate availability of feed and fodder.
The distribution of livestock population across the zones shows that Chhattisgarh plains have 56 percent cattle and buffaloes and 50 percent poultry. Pigs are largely concentrated in Baster plateau. Northern hills have the highest goat density while poultry and pig density is higher in Baster plateau.
Livestock sector engaged only about 0.5 percent of rural work force. The reasons being:-
The animals are usually left for grazing especially in Rabi season when plenty of land remains uncultivated.
Huge area under forests also offers avenue of labour free grazing.
Majority of livestock producers are poor and spend less on animal feed.
Huge area under forests also offers avenue of labour free grazing.
Livestock productivity in the State is poor. The Average Yield of nondescript cows that account for 55 percent of total milk output is less than 1.0 k.g / day. This is about one half of the country’s average and less than the average yield of goat in Rajasthan. The crossbreed cows yield 3.8 kg. milk per day. Milk yield of buffalo is 2.78kg / day which is far lower than the national average of 4.15 kg. / day.

Policy Initiatives

Following are the policy initiatives undertaken by G.O.I and followed by the states including Chhattisgarh:-

Operation Flood Programme
Animal Health
Economic Liberalization-2/”>Liberalization
Contract Farming
Fodder bank

Policy Framework for Chhattisgarh

The proposed livestock policy has a pro poor focus and identifies the following thrust areas for government intervention:-

Improvement in feed-fodder security.
Extension of animal health Services.
Enhancing capacity of breeding system.
Improving livestock producer’s access to financial services.
Linking livestock produce to output market.
Ensuring ecological and environmental sustainability while promoting modernization of livestock sector through appropriate programmes.
Special emphases on poor and under privileged sections to ensure income enhancement.
Strengthening livestock research and its linkage with extension system.
Promote need based participatory research.
Integrate traditional and modern approaches to improve livestock productivity.
Develop – an exhaustive inventory of feed resource available locally.
Develop thermo stable poultry, pig, sheep and goat viral disease vaccine.
Development of cost effective polyvalent bluetongue vaccine and anthelementics.
Encourage multidisciplinary research and collaboration among research institutions.
Follow a bottom-up approach for technology dissemination.
Promote new models of information dissemination.

(CARD along with CALPI-SDC-IC had taken up Chhattisgarh Livestock Sector Reform and Policy Development process for preparation of a Pro Poor livestock policy, and as a part of it numerous publications were brought out. ‘Livestock and Poultry Sector in Chhattisgarh–Present Status and Approach for Future Development along with the policy document were the main outcome of the three year process)
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Brijmohan Agrawal is currently the Minister for animal husbandry who ha staken various steps for the development of animal husbandry.

Major activities of this department can be broadly classified under the following heads:

Veterinary health coverage
Improved breeding procedure in animals & birds.
Preservation & Development of Indigenous animal populations.
Opportunities for EMPLOYMENT to the weaker section of the Society

Schemes implemented by State Government :

National Livestock Mission – Chhattisgarh

The Mission is designed to cover all the activities required to ensure quantitative and qualitative improvement in livestock production systems and capacity building of all stakeholder. The Mission will cover everything germane to improvement of livestock productivity and support projects and initiatives required for that purpose subject to condition that such initiatives which cannot be funded under other Centrally Sponsored Schemes under the Department.

Mission Objectives

The NLM intends to achieve the following objectives:

Sustainable Growth and development of livestock sector, including poultry
Increasing availability of fodder and feed to substantially reduce the demand – supply gap through measures which include more area coverage under quality fodder seeds, technology promotion, extension, post-harvest management and processing in consonance with diverse agro-climatic condition.
Accelerating production of quality fodder and fodder seeds
Establishing convergence and synergy among ongoing Plan programmes and stakeholders for sustainable livestock development.
Promoting applied research in prioritized areas of concern in animal Nutrition and livestock production.
Capacity building of state functionaries and livestock owners through strengthened extension machinery to provide quality extension service to farmers.
Promoting skill based training and dissemination of technologies for reducing cost of production, and improving production of livestock sector
Promoting initiatives for conservation and genetic upgradation of indigenous breeds of livestock (except bovines which are being covered under another scheme of the Ministry) in collaboration with farmers / farmers’ groups / cooperatives, etc.
Encouraging formation of groups of farmers and cooperatives / producers’ companies of small and marginal farmers / livestock owners.
Promoting innovative pilot projects and mainstreaming of successful pilots relating to livestock sector.
Providing Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE and linkage for Marketing, processing and value addition, as forward linkage for the farmer’s enterprises.
Promoting risk management measures including livestock insurance for farmers.
Promoting activities to control and prevent animal diseases, environmental pollution, promoting efforts towards food safety and quality, and supply of quality hides and skins through timely recovery of carcasses.
Encouraging community participation on sustainable practices related to animal husbandry, involvement of community in breed conservation and creation of resource map for the states.

Mission Design –

The mission is organised into the following four Sub-Missions:

Sub-Mission on Livestock Development

The sub-mission on Livestock Development includes activities to address the concerns for overall development of livestock species including poultry, other than cattle and buffalo, with a holistic approach. Risk Management component of the sub-mission will, however, also cover cattle and buffalo along with other major and minor livestock

. 2. Sub-Mission on Pig Development in North-Eastern Region

There has been persistent demand from the North Eastern States seeking support for all round development of pigs in the region. Therefore, pig development in the North Eastern Region is being taken up as a sub- mission of NLM. The sub-mission will strive to forge synergies of research and development organizations through appropriate interventions, as may be required for holistic development of pigs in the North Eastern Region including genetic improvement, health cover and post harvest operations. (Not applicable to Chhattisgarh)

Sub-Mission on Feed and Fodder Development

The Sub-Mission is designed to address the problems of scarcity of animal feed and fodder Resources, to give a push to the livestock sector making it a competitive enterprise for India, and also to harness its export potential. The sub-mission will especially focus on increasing both production and productivity of fodder and feed through adoption of improved and appropriate technologies best suited to specific agro-climatic region in both arable and non-arable areas.

Sub-Mission on Skill development, Technology Transfer and Extension

The extension machinery at field level for livestock activities is not adequately strengthened. As a result, farmers are not able to adopt the technologies developed by research institutions. The adoption of new technologies and practices requires linkages between stakeholders. The sub-mission will provide a platform to develop, adopt or adapt the technologies including frontline field demonstrations in collaboration with farmers, researchers and extension workers, etc. wherever it is not possible to achieve this through existing arrangements.

2. National Cattle-Buffalo Breeding Project:-

State Govt. has established Chhattisgarh State Livestock Development Agency (CSLDA) in June 2001 for implementation of National Cattle-Buffalo Breeding Project in Chhattisgarh.

Animal breed improvement work is being done in the State by the Agency has established well equipped Central Semen Station in Anjora Durg and A.I. training center at Mahasamund.

Objectives:-

1.Breed improvement and increase in milk production by breeding the cattle and buffalo with good quality frozen semen.

To strengthen training centers of Vety. Dept. for A.I. Training program.
Similarity in syllabus in all training centres.
Availability of frozen semen at A.I. centers for conserved breeds under frozen semen insemination policy.
Strengthening liquid nitrogen storage and distribution arrangement.
Strengthening for increasing the storage capacity of frozen semen banks.
Provide training, materials and tapering grant to private A.I. workers for expansion of self employment and A.I. facilities. The agency is also implementing other schemes by making coordination with animal husbandry dept.

Assistance to States for Control of Animal Diseases (ASCAD):-

During 10th five year plan, Animal Disease Control Project came in existence under livestock health & disease control (LH&DC) in the year 2002-2003.

Since 2015-16 the funding pattern of the program has been changed from 75:25 to Central Share 60% and State Share 40%.

Objectives are as follows.

Prevention and vaccination for F.M.D and other important diseases.
To organize mass vaccination program for infectious disease of cattle like H.S., B.Q., Anthrax, goat diseases like P.P.R.& enterotoxaemia and poultry diseases like ranikhet, Fowl pox, Mareck and Gumboro disease.
To strengthen animal Disease Investigation laboratoriess.
In this scheme per year about 894 camps are organized at district level and block level .Along with this annual workshop are also being organized.

Animal husbandry is the science of breeding, raising, and caring for livestock. It includes the study of animal nutrition, Reproduction, and health. Animal husbandry is a vital part of the agricultural Industry, and it is responsible for the production of meat, milk, eggs, and other animal products.

Animal breeding is the process of selecting animals for desirable traits, such as increased production or resistance to disease. Animal breeding can be done through artificial insemination, embryo transfer, or selective breeding.

Animal nutrition is the study of the nutrients that animals need to stay healthy and productive. Animal nutrition is important for ensuring that animals have a balanced diet that meets their needs.

Animal welfare is the study of the conditions in which animals are raised and cared for. Animal welfare is important for ensuring that animals are treated humanely and have a good Quality Of Life.

Dairy farming is the practice of raising dairy cows for the production of milk. Dairy farming is a major industry in many countries, and it is responsible for the production of milk, cheese, yogurt, and other dairy products.

Equine science is the study of horses. Equine science includes the study of horse anatomy, physiology, behavior, and training. Equine science is important for the care and management of horses.

Fish farming is the practice of raising fish for food. Fish farming is a major industry in many countries, and it is responsible for the production of fish, such as salmon, tuna, and tilapia.

Poultry farming is the practice of raising poultry, such as chickens, ducks, and turkeys. Poultry farming is a major industry in many countries, and it is responsible for the production of poultry meat, eggs, and feathers.

Sheep farming is the practice of raising sheep for wool, meat, and milk. Sheep farming is a major industry in many countries, and it is responsible for the production of wool, lamb, and mutton.

Swine farming is the practice of raising pigs for meat. Swine farming is a major industry in many countries, and it is responsible for the production of pork.

Veterinary medicine is the medical profession that deals with the health and care of animals. Veterinary medicine includes the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases in animals.

Wildlife management is the practice of managing wildlife populations. Wildlife management includes the study of wildlife ECOLOGY, population dynamics, and conservation. Wildlife management is important for ensuring the survival of wildlife populations.

Animal husbandry is a complex and important field that is essential to the production of food and other animal products. It is a science that is constantly evolving, and it is important for animal husbandry professionals to stay up-to-date on the latest research and developments.

What is animal husbandry?

Animal husbandry is the care, breeding, and management of domesticated animals. It is a branch of agriculture that deals with the production of livestock, such as cattle, pigs, sheep, and poultry.

What are the benefits of animal husbandry?

Animal husbandry provides a number of benefits, including:

Food: Livestock provide us with meat, milk, eggs, and other food products.
Fiber: Livestock provide us with wool, fur, and leather.
Labor: Livestock can be used for draft power and transportation.
Manure: Livestock manure can be used as a fertilizer.
Recreation: Livestock can be used for recreation, such as hunting and fishing.

What are the challenges of animal husbandry?

Animal husbandry also faces a number of challenges, including:

Disease: Livestock can be susceptible to a variety of diseases, which can spread to humans.
Pollution: Animal waste can pollute the Environment.
Animal welfare: Animal welfare is a concern for many people, who believe that animals should be treated humanely.
Overpopulation: The overpopulation of livestock can lead to environmental problems, such as deforestation and Climate change.

What are the different types of animal husbandry?

There are many different types of animal husbandry, depending on the type of animal being raised. Some common types of animal husbandry include:

Beef cattle ranching: This type of animal husbandry involves raising cattle for their meat.
Dairy farming: This type of animal husbandry involves raising cows for their milk.
Poultry farming: This type of animal husbandry involves raising chickens for their eggs and meat.
Swine farming: This type of animal husbandry involves raising pigs for their meat.
Sheep farming: This type of animal husbandry involves raising sheep for their wool, meat, and milk.

What are the different methods of animal husbandry?

There are many different methods of animal husbandry, depending on the type of animal being raised and the goals of the farmer. Some common methods of animal husbandry include:

Free-range: This method involves raising animals outdoors, where they can roam freely.
Pasture-based: This method involves raising animals on pasture, where they can graze on grass and other Plants.
Confined: This method involves raising animals in enclosed spaces, such as barns or feedlots.

What are the different ethical issues surrounding animal husbandry?

There are a number of ethical issues surrounding animal husbandry, including:

The treatment of animals: Some people believe that animals should be treated humanely, while others believe that they are simply resources to be used for human benefit.
The use of antibiotics: Antibiotics are often used in animal husbandry to prevent the spread of disease. However, the overuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
The use of growth HORMONES: Growth hormones are often used in animal husbandry to increase the weight of livestock. However, the use of growth hormones can have negative health effects on both the animals and the people who consume them.
The environmental impact: Animal husbandry can have a negative impact on the environment, through the production of greenhouse gases, Water Pollution, and deforestation.

What are the future trends in animal husbandry?

The future of animal husbandry is uncertain. Some trends that are likely to affect the industry include:

The increasing demand for meat: The global population is growing, and with it the demand for meat. This is likely to lead to an increase in the production of livestock.
The rising cost of feed: The cost of feed is a major expense for livestock farmers. The rising cost of feed is likely to lead to an increase in the price of meat.
The increasing use of technology: Technology is being used to improve the efficiency of animal husbandry. For example, robots are being used to milk cows and to feed pigs.
The growing concern for animal welfare: The public is becoming more concerned about the welfare of animals. This is likely to lead to changes in the way that animals are raised and slaughtered.

Which of the following is not a type of livestock?
(A) Cattle
(B) Chickens
(C) Fish
(D) Sheep
Which of the following is not a common animal feed?
(A) Hay
(B) Grain
(C) Meat
(D) Grass
Which of the following is not a common animal disease?
(A) Foot-and-mouth disease
(B) Mad cow disease
(C) Swine flu
(D) Chickenpox
Which of the following is not a common animal product?
(A) Milk
(B) Meat
(C) Eggs
(D) Cheese
Which of the following is not a common animal use?
(A) Food
(B) Clothing
(C) Transportation
(D) Labor
Which of the following is not a common animal habitat?
(A) Farm
(B) Forest
(C) Ocean
(D) Desert
Which of the following is not a common animal conservation effort?
(A) Captive breeding
(B) Reintroduction
(C) Habitat protection
(D) Hunting
Which of the following is not a common animal welfare issue?
(A) Overpopulation
(B) Cruelty
(C) Disease
(D) Deforestation
Which of the following is not a common animal rights issue?
(A) Sentience
(B) Personhood
(C) Ownership
(D) Use in research
Which of the following is not a common animal-related myth?
(A) Pigs are dirty animals.
(B) Cows produce milk all year round.
(C) Chickens lay eggs every day.
(D) Sheep can’t swim.