ANDHRA PRADESH : ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

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Since time immemorial Human Prosperity is linked with the Livestock wealth. It has been rightly said by late U.N.Dhebar that “To think of Rural Development without Livestock Improvement is to think of Modern Industrialization without Power Stations”.

Andhra Pradesh has some of the richest livestock Resources in the Country and is one of the most advanced States in Animal Husbandry activities. The Livestock play a vital role in Socio-economic and cultural life of our people.

During the year 1892, Civil Veterinary Department was established in the composite Madras State to provide Veterinary Aid to the needy farmers. Subsequently after Independence, C.V.D was renamed as Animal Husbandry Department (1948), with the main objective of treatment and prevention of diseases in livestock. Initially the emphasis was on Health care only, but subsequently several schemes have been taken up for overall Growth of livestock sector.

Animal husbandry activities in Andhra pradesh

Dairy Farming
Sheep farming
Goat Farming
Poultry Farming
Emu Farming
Rabbit Farming
Quail Farming
Turkey Farming
Piggery

GROWTH

During 55 years of Formation Of Andhra Pradesh, Animal Husbandry Sector has achieved phenomenal growth in its different spheres. With the launching of several Five Year Plans, Animal Husbandry activities were reoriented towards increased production of livestock products like Milk, Meat and Eggs, besides providing adequate health care and control of diseases aiming to improve the economy of rural poor through livestock rearing. With its livestock resources and gradual enlightment of the farmers along with dedicated and sustained efforts of the Department over the years have elevated the State to a prominent position in the Country in the Livestock Sector. The State rose to number one position in Poultry and Egg Production in the Country. From a humble beginning of backyard poultry it has grown to a stage of dynamic Industry producing 164534 lakh eggs per annum. The Milk production also made quantum leap from 18.08 lakh tonnes in 1979-80 to approx. 86.24 lakh tonnes. Meat production increased from 0.96 lakh tones (1979-80) to 4.57 lakh tonnes. Effective Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Services rendered over the years have been the main instrument in achieving these spectacular production levels.

AN INSTRUMENT OF SOCIO-Economic Development

The Livestock Development has attained the status of an Agro-based industry generating economic growth, gainful EMPLOYMENT and livelihood to many weaker sections in the State. Small and marginal farmers and landless poor contributing to 62% of total milk production own 70% of livestock in Andhra Pradesh. Nearly Women provide 60% of livestock farming labour. Similarly rural shepherds own 90% of sheep Population and entire piggery development is the monopoly of weaker sections. Thus the livestock sector has become a powerful tool for socio-economic change and an important priority component in rural development and POVERTY alleviation programmes in the State.

ABUNDANT LIVESTOCK WEALTH

Andhra Pradesh is well known for its livestock wealth. The State has the world famous breed of Ongole Cattle an Aseel breed of poultry, which is the principle source for the development of broiler breeds in the world. Andhra Pradesh is also famous for Nellore breed of sheep, which is well known for quality mutton production.

Presently Andhra Pradesh stands first in poultry (1005.80 lakhs) and sheep population (210.15 lakhs), second in Buffalo population (107.68 lakhs), seventh in goat population (64.27 lakhs), and eighth in cattle (94.24 lakhs) and pig population (5.4.9 lakhs) in the Country.

Some govt. schemes for animal husbandry development

Sunandini scheme ( for SC and ST )
Rashtriya krishi vikas yojna
Rural Backyard Paultry scheme

Organizations involved in Animal Welfare Activities in Andhra Pradesh

GosamrakshanaSamithi, Contonment, Vizianagaram

Sri Bhramananda Ashram Goshala, Bhaligatam, Narsipatnam, Visakhapatnam District

Sri GopalaGorakshamaSamghamGoshala, Indrapalem, Kakinada, East Godavari District

The GauthamiGorakshanaSangamGoshala, Central Jail Road, Rajhamundry, E G District

EluruGorakshanaSamithi, Ramachandra Raopet, Eluru, West Godavari District AWBI-07/1988 Gosadan at Koppaka Village, PedavegiMandal, West Godavari District

Sri Vijayawada GorakshakaSangam, Mallikarjunapet, Near Kanakadurga Temple, Vijayawada- AWBI-72/2002 Gosadan at Kothuru, Tadepalli Village

Sri BrindavanaGosamrakshaSangham, Machilipatnam

Guntur GorakshaSangham, 7/5 Line, Nehru Nagar, Guntur

BramarambaMallikarjunaSwamyDevasthanams’ Goshala, Srisailam Kurnool

Kurnool ZillaGorakshanaSangham, Near Venkatesh Theatre, Kurnool

Challenges ahead

Low productivity – Though the State is in 5th position in the country as far as Milk Production is concerned, the Average productivity per animal is very low (13th position) i.e. 4.67kg/day.
No efforts to conserve Indigenous Livestock breeds native of Andhra Pradesh like Ongole and Punganur. Due to lack of adequate processing Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE, remunerative prices to livestock products is not ensured whenever there is glut in the market.
Inadequate attention to augment feed and fodder leading to inadequate availability even during normal seasons.
Degeneration of Common Property Resources which were badly neglected.
Inadequate effort to develop and make available Vaccines for economically important Diseases like Blue Tongue, Foot Rot in Sheep and Goat and other Emerging Diseases resulting in severe loss to the farmers.

Impact of bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh state on newly formed Andhra Pradesh in Livestock sector : The state is deprived of Livestock Vaccine Production and Disease Diagnostic facilities due to Veterinary Biological Research Institute devolving to Telangana state and Major National Institutes related to Livestock Development like National Research Centre on Meat; National Institute of Animal Bio-Technology (NIAB); Central Research Institute for Dry Land agriculture (CRIDA), Centre for Cellular Micro-Biology (CCMB), Indian Immunological Limited (IIL), Fodder Research Station, AICRP on Poultry and Project Directorate on Poultry etc., have devolved to Telangana, as such the residual Andhra Pradesh is devoid of such national institutes.

Way Forward:

The goal of achieving food and nutritional security through Livestock sources, with reducing Livestock numbers, degrading land resources, impact of Climate change, increasing human population, affordable prices of livestock products to the consumers and remunerative prices to the producers has become a big challenge to the state. There is need to evaluate the results of different initiatives taken during the previous years and to reorient the strategies as the productivity of animals has to be increased.

Goal and objectives:

It is targeted to achieve a growth rate of 8% in Milk Production, 10% in Meat Production, 5% in Egg Production and overall Growth Rate of 8-10% from Livestock Sector by the end of 12th Five Year Plan.

The sector wise objectives are as follows :

Dairy sector

Breed improvement through large scale cross breeding, up-gradation of local buffaloes with Murrah, selective breeding in indigenous cattle like Ongole.
Massive frozen semen, dose production and establishing Embryo Transfer (ET) technology facilities.
Taking up pilot project to import and introduced sexed semen of very superior bulls in selected farms to increase in production.
Promotion of commercial dairy farming in the areas surrounding Smart Cities like Vijayawada, Guntur, Visakhapatnam, Rajahmundry, Kakinada, Tirupathi, Kurnool and in North Coastal and Rayalaseema Districts of Andhra Pradesh.

Egg Sector

Government support for private Investment on three fronts: reform regulation; provide infrastructure; and actively promote the sector.
Reforming regulation which will include simplifying procedures, providing policies to enable large players to work closely with farmers, and ensuring policies that facilitate exports, enabling Contract Farming, simplifying land acquisition and export procedures, and rationalising sales tax on processed food.
Promotion of Backyard Poultry for the benefit of rural/tribal farmers.

Meat Sector

Mass vaccination of sheep & goat with PPR and Entero-toxaemia, Sheep Pox.
De-worming to increase weight gain
Thrust on Meat Breeds – promoting exchange of breeding rams among farmers to avoid inbreeding which is a common problem now.
Quality and Hygienic Meat Production – promoting rural slaughter houses and training the butchers.
Process Development and Technology Up-gradation – Appropriate technologies for efficient utilization of Animal byproducts like variety meats, wool, hides, skins, bone, hoof, horn, tallow and others of pharmaceutical importance.
Promoting Marketing Agencies – facilitation sheep/goat, market yards under cooperative/PPP mode.

Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock. It is a diverse industry, with a wide range of animals raised for a variety of purposes, including food, fiber, labor, and companionship.

Dairy development is the process of improving the production of milk and milk products. It includes activities such as breeding, feeding, and management of dairy cows, as well as the processing and marketing of milk and milk products.

Poultry development is the process of improving the production of eggs and poultry meat. It includes activities such as breeding, feeding, and management of poultry, as well as the processing and marketing of eggs and poultry meat.

Sheep and goat development is the process of improving the production of wool, meat, and milk from sheep and goats. It includes activities such as breeding, feeding, and management of sheep and goats, as well as the processing and marketing of wool, meat, and milk from sheep and goats.

Piggery development is the process of improving the production of pork. It includes activities such as breeding, feeding, and management of pigs, as well as the processing and marketing of pork.

Fisheries-2/”>Fisheries development is the process of improving the production of fish and fish products. It includes activities such as aquaculture, capture fisheries, and processing and marketing of fish and fish products.

Apiculture development is the process of improving the production of honey and other bee products. It includes activities such as beekeeping, processing and marketing of honey and other bee products.

Sericulture development is the process of improving the production of silk. It includes activities such as silkworm rearing, processing and marketing of silk.

Veterinary services are the services provided by veterinarians to animals. They include preventive medicine, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and surgery.

Animal feed and fodder development is the process of improving the production of animal feed and fodder. It includes activities such as crop cultivation, animal husbandry, and processing and marketing of animal feed and fodder.

Animal health and disease control is the process of preventing and controlling diseases in animals. It includes activities such as vaccination, quarantine, and treatment of diseases.

Animal welfare is the promotion of the well-being of animals. It includes activities such as providing humane treatment of animals, protecting animals from cruelty, and promoting animal rights.

Extension services are the services provided by extension agents to farmers and other agricultural producers. They include Education, training, and advice on a variety of agricultural topics.

Research and development is the process of creating new knowledge and technologies. It includes activities such as basic research, applied research, and development.

Training and education is the process of providing individuals with the knowledge and skills they need to succeed in their chosen field. It includes activities such as formal education, on-the-job training, and continuing education.

Marketing and promotion is the process of creating and maintaining demand for a product or service. It includes activities such as advertising, public relations, and sales promotion.

Infrastructure Development is the process of building and maintaining the physical infrastructure of a country or region. It includes activities such as road construction, bridge construction, and power generation.

Policy and planning is the process of developing and implementing policies and plans. It includes activities such as economic planning, social planning, and environmental planning.

Administration and management is the process of organizing and directing the activities of an organization. It includes activities such as planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling.

Animal husbandry is a vital part of the economy of Andhra Pradesh. The state is home to a large number of livestock, including cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, pigs, poultry, and fish. The livestock sector contributes significantly to the state’s GDP and provides employment to millions of people.

The government of Andhra Pradesh has been taking a number of initiatives to promote animal husbandry. These initiatives include the provision of subsidies for livestock feed and fodder, the establishment of veterinary hospitals and dispensaries, and the training of animal husbandry workers. The government has also been promoting the development of value-added products from livestock, such as milk, meat, and eggs.

The animal husbandry sector in Andhra Pradesh has the potential to grow significantly in the coming years. The government’s initiatives, combined with the increasing demand for livestock products, are expected to boost the growth of the sector.

Animal husbandry is the care, breeding, and management of livestock. It is a branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock such as cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, poultry, and fish. Animal husbandry includes the following:

Breeding: The selection of animals for breeding to produce offspring with desired traits.
Feeding: The provision of food and water to animals.
Housing: The provision of shelter for animals.
Health care: The prevention and treatment of diseases in animals.
Marketing: The sale of animal products, such as meat, milk, eggs, and wool.

Animal husbandry is an important part of the agricultural economy. It provides food, fiber, and other products for human consumption. Animal husbandry also plays a role in the Environment, as it helps to control pests and diseases.

Here are some frequently asked questions about animal husbandry:

What are the different types of animal husbandry?

There are many different types of animal husbandry, depending on the type of animal being raised. Some common types of animal husbandry include cattle ranching, dairy farming, poultry farming, and fish farming.

What are the benefits of animal husbandry?

Animal husbandry provides many benefits, including:

Food: Animal products, such as meat, milk, eggs, and wool, are a valuable source of Nutrition for humans.
Fiber: Animal products, such as wool and leather, are used to make clothing and other products.
Labor: Animals can be used for labor, such as pulling carts or plows.
Manure: Animal manure can be used as a fertilizer to improve crop yields.
Recreation: Animals can be used for recreation, such as hunting, fishing, and horseback riding.
What are the challenges of animal husbandry?

There are also some challenges associated with animal husbandry, including:

Disease: Animals can be susceptible to diseases, which can spread to humans.
Pollution: Animal waste can pollute the environment.
Animal welfare: Some people believe that animal husbandry is cruel to animals.
Overpopulation: Animal populations can grow too large, which can damage the environment.
What is the future of animal husbandry?

The future of animal husbandry is uncertain. Some experts believe that animal husbandry will continue to be an important part of the agricultural economy, while others believe that it will decline as people become more concerned about animal welfare and the environment.

What are some ways to improve animal husbandry?

There are many ways to improve animal husbandry, including:

Providing animals with good nutrition and housing.
Providing animals with veterinary care.
Treating animals humanely.
Reducing pollution from animal waste.
Managing animal populations to prevent overpopulation.

Which of the following is not a type of animal husbandry?
(A) Dairy farming
(B) Poultry farming
(C) Pig farming
(D) Fish farming
Which of the following is the most common type of animal husbandry in Andhra Pradesh?
(A) Dairy farming
(B) Poultry farming
(C) Pig farming
(D) Fish farming
Which of the following is the main Source Of Income for most farmers in Andhra Pradesh?
(A) Agriculture
(B) Animal husbandry
(C) Industry
(D) Services
Which of the following is the main challenge facing animal husbandry in Andhra Pradesh?
(A) Lack of water
(B) Lack of fodder
(C) Lack of markets
(D) Lack of skilled labor
Which of the following is the main government initiative to promote animal husbandry in Andhra Pradesh?
(A) The Andhra Pradesh Dairy Development Cooperative Federation
(B) The Andhra Pradesh Poultry Development Corporation
(C) The Andhra Pradesh Pig Development Corporation
(D) The Andhra Pradesh Fish Development Corporation
Which of the following is the main breed of cattle found in Andhra Pradesh?
(A) Gir
(B) Sahiwal
(C) Red Sindhi
(D) Ongole
Which of the following is the main breed of buffalo found in Andhra Pradesh?
(A) Murrah
(B) Nili Ravi
(C) Surti
(D) Jaffarabadi
Which of the following is the main breed of goat found in Andhra Pradesh?
(A) Jamnapari
(B) Beetal
(C) Black Bengal
(D) Anglo Nubian
Which of the following is the main breed of sheep found in Andhra Pradesh?
(A) Merino
(B) Corriedale
(C) Awassi
(D) Marwari
Which of the following is the main breed of pig found in Andhra Pradesh?
(A) Large White
(B) Landrace
(C) Duroc
(D) Hampshire
Which of the following is the main breed of chicken found in Andhra Pradesh?
(A) White Leghorn
(B) Rhode Island Red
(C) Australorp
(D) Plymouth Rock
Which of the following is the main breed of duck found in Andhra Pradesh?
(A) Khaki Campbell
(B) Muscovy
(C) Indian Runner
(D) Aylesbury
Which of the following is the main breed of fish found in Andhra Pradesh?
(A) Catla
(B) Rohu
(C) Mrigal
(D) Common carp
Which of the following is the main type of fish farming in Andhra Pradesh?
(A) Cage culture
(B) Pond culture
(C) Brackishwater culture
(D) Marine culture
Which of the following is the main challenge facing fish farming in Andhra Pradesh?
(A) Pollution
(B) Overfishing
(C) Climate Change
(D) Disease