Agriculture of Telangana

agriculture of Telangana 

Agriculture and Cropping pattern of Telangana

Salient Features of  Indian/Agriculture of Telangana 

1. Subsistence Agriculture: Most parts of India have subsistence agriculture. This type of agriculture has been practised in India for several hundreds of years and still prevails in a larger part of India in spite of the large scale change in agricultural practices after independence.
2. Pressure of Population on Agriculture: Despite increase in Urbanization and industrialization, about 70% of population is still directly or indirectly dependent on agriculture.
3. Mechanization of farming: Green Revolution took place in India in the late sixties and early seventies. After more than forty years of Green Revolution and revolution in agricultural machinery and equipments, complete mechanization is still a distant dream
4. Dependence upon monsoon: Since independence, there has been a rapid expansion of Irrigation Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE. Despite the large scale expansion, only about one third of total cropped area is irrigated today. As a consequence, two third of cropped areas is still dependent upon monsoon. Monsoon in India is uncertain and unreliable. This has become even more unreliable due to change in Climate.
5. Variety of crops: India has diversity of topography, climate and Soil. Since India has both tropical and temperate climate, crops of both the climate are found in India. There are very few countries in the world that have variety comparable to that of India..
6. Predominance of Food Crops: Since Indian Agriculture has to feed a large population, production of food crops is the first priority of the farmers almost everywhere in the country. However, in recent years, there has been a decline in the share of land used for food crops due to various other commercially most advantageous uses of this land.
7. Seasonal patterns: India has three distinct agricultural/cropping seasons. You might have heard about kharif, rabi and zaid. In India there are specific crops grown in these three seasons. For example rice is a kharif crop whereas wheat is a rabi crop.

Profile of Agriculture of Telangana 

1. Total Geographical area: 114.84 Lakh ha
2. Gross cropped area: 88 Lakh ha
3. Net cropped area: 61 Lakh ha
4. Gross Irrigated area: 64 Lakh ha
5. Net Irrigated area: 89 Lakh ha
6. Number of Farm Holdings: 54 lakh
   34. Marginal: 41 Lakh
   35. Small: 27 lakh
   36. Others: 86 lakh
7. Average Farm Holding size: 1.12 Ha
8. Average Annual Rainfall: 906.6 mm
9. Cropping Intensity: 27%
10. Irrigation Intensity: 1.38%

Crops grown in different agro–climatic zones of Agriculture of Telangana 

• Telangana grows 27 important crops in Kharif and Rabi seasons put together covering an area of about 53.51 lakh ha.
• The important crops grown are Rice (14.19) lakh ha, Maize (6.63) lakh ha, Pulses (6.11) lakh ha, Groundnut (1.89) lakh ha, Cotton (18.13) lakh ha, Chillies (0.83) lakh ha and Sugarcane (0.41) lakh ha.

Major Crop of Agriculture of Telangana 

Rice Crops

• Rice is the most important food crop of India. It is predominantly a Kharif or summer crop.
• It covers about one third of total cultivated area of the country and provides food to more than half of the Indian population.
• Maximum population of India is of rice consumers.

1. Temperature: Rice requires hot and humid conditions. The temperature should be fairly high i.e. 24°C mean monthly temperature with average temperature of 22°C to 32°C.
2. Rainfall: Rainfall ranging between 150-300 cm is suitable for its Growth in areas of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh where rainfall is less than 100 cm, rice is cultivated with the help of irrigation.
3. Soil: Rice is grown in varied soil conditions but deep clayey and loamy soil provides the ideal conditions. Rice is primarily grown in plain areas. It is also grown below sea level at Kuttinad (Kerala), hill terraces of north eastern part of India and valleys of Kashmir.

Pulses:

• It includes a number of crops which are mostly leguminous and provide invaluable proteins to the vegetarian population of India.
• As they have fewer sources of proteins in comparision to those who consume meat and fish.
• They also serve as excellent forage and grain concentrates in the cattle feed.
• Apart from that these leguminous crops have the capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil and are normally rotated with other crops to maintain and restore Soil fertility.
• A large variety of pulses are found in India.
• These are gram, tur or arhar (Pigeon Pea or Red Gram), urd (black gram), mung (green gram), masur (lentil), kulthi (horse gram), matar (peas) etc. But among these above mentioned varieties only gram and tur or arhar are more important pulses.
• Gram: It is the most important of all the pulses. It accounts for about 37% of the production and about 30% of the total area of pulses in India. It is a rabi crop which is sown between September and November and is harvested between February and April. It is either cultivated as a single crop or mixed with wheat, barley, linseed or mustard. Some of the geographical conditions are as follows:
• Temperature: It is grown in a wide range of climatic condition. Mild cool and comparatively dry climate with 20°C-25°C temperature.
• Rainfall: 40-45 cm rainfall is favourable for gram cultivation.
• Soil: It grows well on loamy soils.

Cotton:

• Cotton is the most important fibre crop not only of India but also of the entire world. It not only provides a raw material for cotton textile Industry but also its seed is used in Vanaspati oil industry.
• The cotton seed is also used as part of fodder for milch cattle for better milk production.
• Cotton is basically a kharif crop and grown in tropical and sub-tropical areas.
• Some of the geographical conditions are as follows:

1. Temperature: Cotton is the crop of tropical and sub-tropical areas and requires uniformly high temperature varying between 21°C and 30°C.
2. Rainfall: It grows mostly in the areas having at least 210 frost free days in a year. It requires modest amount of rainfall of 50 to 100cm. However, cotton is successfully grown with the help of irrigation in the areas where rainfall is less than 50 cm.High amount of rainfall in the beginning and sunny and dry weather at the time of ripening are very useful for a good crop.
3. Soil: Cotton cultivation is very closely related to Black soils of Deccan and Malwa plateau. However, it also grows well in alluvial soils of the Satluj-Ganga plain and red and laterite soils of the Peninsular region.

Groundnut

• Groundnut is most important oil seeds of India. Grown as both as kharif and Rabi crop but 90-95% of the total area is devoted to kharif crop.
• Groundnut thrives best in the tropical climate and requires 20°C to 30°C temperature.
• 50-75 cm rainfall is favourable for groundnut cultivation.
• Groundnut is highly susceptible to frost, drought, continuous rain and stagnant water. It needs dry winder at the time of ripening.
• Well drained Light sandy loams, red, yellow and black soils are well suited for its cultivation.
• Ground nit accounts for half of the major oilseeds produced in India. India is the second largest producer of groundnut (After China).
• Top three states producing ground nut are Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Tamil Nadu.

Jowar

• Jowar is grown both as kharif as well as a rabi crop.
• As a kharif crop, it grows well in areas having mean monthly temperature of 26°C to 33°
• As a rabi crop can be grown in areas where the mean monthly temperature does not fall below 16°C.
• It requires more than 30 cm rainfall during the growing period and does not grow where the rainfall exceeds 100 cm.
• Jowar is par excellence a rainfed crop of dry farming areas where irrigation is not used.
• Both excessive moisture and prolonged droughts are harmful for its proper growth.

Department of Agriculture of Telangana  Government

• The Department of Agriculture of Telangana has been created mainly to provide Agricultural Extension Services to farmers and to transfer the latest technical knowledge to the farming community, introduction of high yielding varieties, laying demonstrations, imparting training to farmers to improve skills & knowledge to boost up the agricultural production and productivity.
• The other objectives of the Department are to assess requirements of agriculture inputs well in advance and to regulate their production and monitor timely supply of seeds, Fertilizers, pesticides, implements and credit, etc to farmers.

Vision –To enable each and every farmer achieve sustainable and economical agriculture productivity.

Mission of the Department

• Attain 6% Growth Rate and Increased Returns on Investment to farmers through improved Technology
• Effective Extension Reach
• Mechanisation, Marketing tie up, Adequate Credit, Crop Insurance
• The Department also performs the statutory functions under various Acts and regulations (i.e., quality control) to ensure supply of quality inputs i.e., Seeds, fertilizers and pesticides to farmers and implementation of Dangerous Machines Regulation Act.
• The Department also carries out certain other facilitating functions such as

1. Soil testing,
2. Soil and Water Conservation,
3. Soil Survey,
4. Credit assessment/ arrangements,
5. Media Production,
6. Trainings to farmers,
7. Arranging P.P. campaigns/ Diagnostic team visits whenever necessary,
8. Monitoring and Evolution,
9. Disaster Management,
10. Crop Insurance,
11. Agricultural Mechanization,
12. Extending technical assistance to various agencies

 ,

Agriculture is the backbone of the Telangana economy, accounting for over 30% of the state’s GDP. The state is home to a wide variety of crops, including rice, cotton, sorghum, and pulses. Telangana also has a thriving Livestock sector, with a large population of cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goats.

The Climate of Telangana is semi-arid, with hot summers and mild winters. The state receives an average annual rainfall of 800-1000 mm, which is mostly concentrated in the monsoon season. The soils of Telangana are predominantly black cotton soils, which are well-suited for the cultivation of cotton and other crops.

The major crops grown in Telangana are rice, cotton, sorghum, pulses, and oilseeds. Rice is the most important crop, accounting for over 30% of the state’s agricultural output. Cotton is the second most important crop, followed by sorghum, pulses, and oilseeds.

Irrigation is essential for agriculture in Telangana, as the state receives only a limited amount of rainfall. The major sources of irrigation in Telangana are canals, tanks, and wells. The State Government has also been investing in irrigation projects, such as the Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Scheme, to improve the irrigation infrastructure.

Agriculture research is an important activity in Telangana, as it helps to develop new technologies and practices that can improve agricultural productivity. The state government has established several agricultural research institutes, such as the Telangana State Agricultural University, to conduct research on various aspects of agriculture.

Agriculture extension is another important activity in Telangana, as it helps to disseminate agricultural knowledge and technologies to farmers. The state government has established several agriculture extension centers, which provide training and other support services to farmers.

Agriculture Education is also an important activity in Telangana, as it helps to produce a skilled workforce for the agricultural sector. The state government has established several agriculture colleges and universities to provide education and training in agriculture.

Agriculture cooperatives are an important part of the agricultural sector in Telangana. They help farmers to get access to credit, inputs, and marketing facilities. The state government has been promoting the formation of agriculture cooperatives and has also been providing financial assistance to them.

Agriculture marketing is another important activity in Telangana, as it helps to ensure that farmers get a fair price for their produce. The state government has established several agriculture marketing yards and has also been promoting the use of e-marketing platforms.

Agriculture policy is an important factor that affects the agricultural sector in Telangana. The state government has been formulating and implementing various policies to promote agriculture and improve the livelihood of farmers.

Agriculture challenges in Telangana include low productivity, water scarcity, and Climate Change. The state government has been taking various measures to address these challenges, such as promoting the use of improved agricultural technologies, developing new irrigation schemes, and planting drought-tolerant crops.

Agriculture opportunities in Telangana include the potential for increasing agricultural productivity, the development of value-added products, and the promotion of Organic Farming. The state government has been taking various measures to tap these opportunities, such as providing financial assistance to farmers, promoting the use of improved agricultural technologies, and developing infrastructure for the marketing of agricultural produce.

The future of agriculture in Telangana is bright, as the state has the potential to become a major agricultural producer. The state government has been taking various measures to promote agriculture and improve the livelihood of farmers. With the right policies and investments, Telangana can achieve its goal of becoming a leading agricultural state in India.

What is agriculture?

Agriculture is the practice of cultivating Plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. The history of agriculture began thousands of years ago. After gathering wild grains beginning at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers began to plant them around 11,500 years ago. Pigs, sheep and cattle were domesticated over 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world.

What are the different types of agriculture?

There are many different types of agriculture, but some of the most common include:

• Subsistence agriculture: This type of agriculture is used to meet the basic needs of the farmer and their family. It is often practiced in developing countries, where there is a lack of Resources and infrastructure.
• Commercial agriculture: This type of agriculture is used to produce crops or livestock for sale. It is often practiced in developed countries, where there is a large market for agricultural products.
• Industrial agriculture: This type of agriculture is characterized by the use of large-scale machinery and technology. It is often used to produce crops or livestock on a large scale.
• Organic agriculture: This type of agriculture is based on the principles of sustainability and environmental protection. It does not use synthetic chemicals or genetically modified organisms.

What are the benefits of agriculture?

Agriculture provides many benefits, including:

• Food: Agriculture is the primary source of food for humans and animals.
• Fiber: Agriculture provides fibers for clothing, paper, and other products.
• Fuel: Agriculture provides biofuels, such as ethanol and biodiesel.
• Jobs: Agriculture employs millions of people around the world.
• Economic Development: Agriculture is a major driver of economic development in many countries.
• Environmental protection: Agriculture can help to protect the Environment by conserving water, preventing soil erosion, and reducing pollution.

What are the challenges of agriculture?

Agriculture faces many challenges, including:

• Climate change: Climate change is causing changes in weather patterns, which can make it difficult for farmers to grow crops.
• Water scarcity: Water scarcity is a major problem in many parts of the world, and it is becoming more severe due to climate change.
• Soil erosion: Soil erosion is a major problem in many parts of the world, and it is caused by a variety of factors, including deforestation, overgrazing, and poor Farming practices.
• Pests and diseases: Pests and diseases can cause significant damage to crops and livestock.
• Genetically modified organisms (GMOs): GMOs are organisms that have been genetically modified using Biotechnology. There is controversy surrounding the use of GMOs, and some people believe that they pose a risk to human Health and the environment.

What is the future of agriculture?

The future of agriculture is uncertain, but it is likely that it will be shaped by a number of factors, including climate change, water scarcity, soil erosion, pests and diseases, GMOs, and technological advances. It is important to develop sustainable agricultural practices that can meet the needs of the growing population while protecting the environment.

1. Which of the following is not a major crop grown in Telangana?
   (A) Rice
   (B) Cotton
   (C) Wheat
   (D) Tea

2. The main source of irrigation in Telangana is:
   (A) Canals
   (B) Tanks
   (C) Wells
   (D) Tube wells

3. The main livestock reared in Telangana is:
   (A) Cattle
   (B) Sheep
   (C) Goats
   (D) Poultry

4. The main forest products of Telangana are:
   (A) Timber
   (B) Bamboo
   (C) Honey
   (D) All of the above

5. The main mineral resources of Telangana are:
   (A) Iron Ore
   (B) Coal
   (C) Limestone
   (D) All of the above

6. The main industries of Telangana are:
   (A) Textiles
   (B) Electronics
   (C) Pharmaceuticals
   (D) All of the above

7. The main tourist attractions of Telangana are:
   (A) Golconda Fort
   (B) Charminar
   (C) Qutb Shahi Tombs
   (D) All of the above

8. The main languages spoken in Telangana are:
   (A) Telugu
   (B) Urdu
   (C) Hindi
   (D) All of the above

9. The main festivals celebrated in Telangana are:
   (A) Dasara
   (B) Bonalu
   (C) Bathukamma
   (D) All of the above

10. The main cuisine of Telangana is:
    (A) Hyderabadi biryani
    (B) Dum biryani
    (C) Kacchi biryani
    (D) All of the above