The Department of agriculture has been created mainly to provide Agricultural Extension Services to farmers and to transfer the latest technical knowledge to the farming community, introduction of high yielding varieties, laying demonstrations, imparting training to farmers to improve skills & knowledge to boost up the agricultural Production and productivity.
The other objectives of the Department are to assess requirements of agriculture inputs well in advance and to regulate their production and monitor timely supply of seeds, Fertilizers and pesticides, implements, credit etc., to farmers.
The Department also performs the statutory functions under various acts and regulations (i.e., quality control) to ensure supply of quality inputs i.e., Seeds, Fertilizers and Pesticides to farmers and implementation of Dangerous Machines Regulation Act.
The Department also carries out certain other facilitating functions such as 1) Soil testing 2) soil and water conservation 3) soil survey 4) credit assessment / arrangements 5) media production 6) training to farmers 7) arranging P.P. campaigns /Diagnostic team visits whenever necessary 8) monitoring and evaluation 9) Disaster Management 10) crop insurance 11) agricultural mechanisation 12) extending technical assistance to various agencies
EVOLUTION
Introduction :
Agriculture – Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru said “Everything else can wait but not for Agriculture” Worldwide – is a vital determinant of the livelihoods of small holder farmers and rural communities.
Agriculture Growth throughout global history – has been the pro-genitor of broad-based economic growth and development, as linkages between farmers and non-farm economic generated widely-based EMPLOYMENT, income and growth. Sustainable growth in Agriculture sector is the “need of the hour” not only for the State of Andhra Pradesh but also for the Country as a whole. economy of Andhra Pradesh continues to be predominantly agrarian.
Andhra Pradesh is one of the biggest States in India. The Population (2011 census) is 84.6 million i.e., 6.99% of India’s total population of 1210 million (2011 census). It accounts for 8.4% of India’s total geographical area and 6.99% of population, ranking 4th in terms of geographical area and 5th in terms of population among the Indian States. The density of population at 308 per Sq.km is lower than the density 382 at all India level. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes account respectively for 16.2% and 6.6% of the total population in the State. About one-third of the State population is living in urban areas and the rest is in the rural areas of the State. Rural Andhra Pradesh is predominantly agricultural with more than three fourth of its work force engaged directly in Agriculture sector.
Andhra Pradesh “the bejeweled rice bowl of India”. Agriculture is the chief Source Of Income to the State’s economy. Two important rivers of India, the Godavari, and Krishna, flow through the State providing Irrigation. Andhra Pradesh is agrarian in character, and it is considered as one of the most progressive States with respect of agriculture development, maintaining high levels of crop production compared to several other States.
Significant growth in Agriculture:
Around -6.22% declined growth rate over previous year of first revised estimates at Constant prices (2004-05) of the State GSDP is from Agriculture (including Horticulture-2/”>Horticulture sectors etc.,) during 2011-12 and -2.69% during 2012-13, whereas at current prices -1.29% during 2011-12 and 7.63 % during 2012-13 estimate as advance declined due to drought conditions prevailed in the State.
Around 8.70% contributes of first revised estimates at current prices of the State GSDP is from Agriculture (including Horticulture sectors etc.,) during 2011-12 and 10.79% during 2012-13 as advance estimates whereas at constant prices 0.78% during 2011-12 and 1.96% during 2012-13 and also it provides employment to around 65% of the State’s population. The State enjoys a position of supremacy in respect of crop production (source: Socio economic survey 2012-13).
The strengths of fundamentals of the economy is evident from the remarkable transition to a high growth path, which was achieved in the recent years. With the various strategic initiatives put in place by the State/ Department ofAgriculture by and large have improved the living standards of the people. Basic theme of the 12th Five Year Plan is “Faster, More inclusive and sustainable growth”.
About the Department of Agriculture:
In the process of making the mission a reality, the department is adopting following strategies
“Sustained and coordinated efforts” for facilitating a SECOND Green Revolution and device strategies for optimum use of natural Resources to create new avenues in Agriculture for livelihood and strengthen the rural areas. Government site-specific system to ensure that at least a part of the fallow lands are brought under cultivation by increasing irrigation sources. New seed technology and post harvest technology are need to be addressed.
Involvement of marginal and small farmers in crop diversification and Food Security are the important aspects to be addressed in accelerating crop diversification in the State.
Credit provides necessary liquidity and insurance provides command over resource to the farming community.
Provision of Banking facilities in UN-banked and under banked areas, Financial Inclusion, SHG bank-linkage programme, financing rural godowns and agricultural Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE are the thrust areas.
Re-engineering extension approach for effective extension reach
Empowering the farmer with advance agricultural practices
Capacity enhancement of Departmental Staff for an efficient extension of technology.
Promotion of self- reliance in seed production among farmers.
The Infrastructure:
The Departments has a strong chain of human resources consisting of more than 4000 extension staff of field and supervisory cadre. The staff is periodically oriented with the advance technology emerging from time to time by re-engineering through trainings, workshops, interactions etc., in addition, the department supports a number of Farmers Training Centers, laboratories, Farmers Field Schools etc., to equip the farmer with necessary deal and knowledge for successful agriculture
The Allied Departments:
The research support to the Department is endowed by the State Agriculture University and the National and International Institutes. The input support is solicited through various autonomous bodies like APSSDC, APAIDC, APMARKFED, APOILFED, HACA etc., The other eco-coordinating Departments are Horticulture, Sericulture, Fisheries-2/”>Fisheries, Animal Husbandry, Irrigation, Forests, Rain Shadow Area Development and Power.
Financial support is rendered by NABARD and other Banks, not only to land owning farmers but also to tenant farmers.
ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE
State Level
Secretariat :
It is headed by hon’ble Minister for Agriculture, assisted by an officer of the cadre of Principal Secretary/ Secretary. The Principal Secretary Agriculture and Co-operation is the administrative head in the secretariat on behalf of the State Government assisted by Joint Secretaries, Deputy Secretaries, Asst. Secretaries, Section Officers and Sub staff.
Commissionerate of Agriculture :
The Head of the dept. is Commissioner of Agriculture, who is senior IAS Officer. He virtually handles the post of Director of Agriculture also. He is assisted by Five Additional Directors of Agriculture, of whom one Additional DA is the principal, SAMETI Old Malakpet and other four are stationed in the Commissionerate of Agriculture.
District level:
At the District level the Department is headed by Joint Director of Agriculture and assisted by DDAs ADAs and AOs at District, Division and Mandal levels
Agriculture Division level:
The Divisional ADA is the head of the Agriculture division and assisted by the agricultural officers at the mandal level. There are 254 divisions in the state
Mandal Level:
In all the 1105 Rural and Urban mandals of the state, atleast one Agriculture Officer is working in each mandal. These AOs are assisted by few Agricultural Extension Officers in the field work
Statement showing Sanctioned strength of Technical Staff in Agriculture Department is given below
Laboratories :
The Department has setup five pesticide testing laboratories, five FCO Laboratories, two seed Testing Laboratories 82 Soil Testing Laboratories(including AMC level) and -14 Biological Control Laboratories in the state
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Agriculture is the practice of cultivating Plants and Livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. The history of agriculture began thousands of years ago. After gathering wild grains beginning at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers began to plant them around 11,500 years ago. Pigs, sheep and cattle were domesticated over 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world. Industrial agriculture based on large-scale Monoculture in the twentieth century came to dominate agricultural output, though about 2 billion people still depended on subsistence agriculture into the twenty-first.
Modern agronomy, plant breeding, agrochemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, and technological developments have sharply increased yields, while causing widespread ecological and environmental damage. Selective breeding and modern practices in animal husbandry have similarly increased the output of meat, but have raised concerns about animal welfare and environmental damage. Environmental issues include contributions to Global Warming, depletion of aquifers, deforestation, antibiotic resistance, growth HORMONES in industrial meat production and the impact of modern agricultural practices on the Health of agricultural workers and consumers.
The agricultural sector is one of the largest employers in the world, employing over 2 billion people. Agriculture is also a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for about 25% of global emissions.
Agricultural economics is the study of the production, distribution, and consumption of agricultural products. It is a branch of economics that deals with the economic aspects of agriculture, including the prices of agricultural products, the costs of production, and the incomes of farmers.
Agricultural extension is the process of transferring agricultural knowledge and technology from research institutions to farmers. It is a key component of agricultural development, as it helps farmers to adopt new technologies and practices that can increase their productivity and incomes.
Agricultural research is the process of developing new agricultural technologies and practices. It is a key component of agricultural development, as it helps to improve the productivity and efficiency of agriculture.
Agricultural technology is the application of science and engineering to the production of food, fiber, and other agricultural products. It is a key component of agricultural development, as it helps to improve the productivity and efficiency of agriculture.
Agricultural water management is the process of managing Water Resources for agricultural purposes. It is a key component of agricultural development, as it helps to ensure that there is enough water available for irrigation and other agricultural needs.
Climate change and agriculture is the interaction between Climate Change and agriculture. Climate change is expected to have a significant impact on agriculture, including changes in temperature, Precipitation, and sea level. These changes are likely to affect crop yields, livestock production, and water resources.
Crop production is the process of growing crops. It is a key component of agriculture, as it provides food for humans and animals.
Food security is the availability of food and the access to food that people need. It is a key component of agricultural development, as it ensures that people have access to the food they need to live healthy and productive lives.
Livestock production is the process of raising livestock. It is a key component of agriculture, as it provides meat, milk, and other products for humans.
Sustainable Agriculture is the practice of agriculture that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It is a key component of agricultural development, as it helps to ensure that agriculture is environmentally friendly and economically viable.
Value chain development is the process of developing the value chain for agricultural products. It is a key component of agricultural development, as it helps to increase the incomes of farmers and improve the efficiency of the agricultural sector.
In conclusion, agriculture is a complex and important sector of the global economy. It is a key source of food, employment, and income for millions of people around the world. Agricultural development is essential to ensuring that agriculture can meet the needs of a growing population in a sustainable way.
What is agriculture?
Agriculture is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. The history of agriculture began thousands of years ago. After gathering wild grains beginning at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers began to plant them around 11,500 years ago. Pigs, sheep and cattle were domesticated over 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world.
What are the different types of agriculture?
There are many different types of agriculture, but some of the most common include:
Subsistence agriculture: This type of agriculture is used to meet the basic needs of the farmer and their family. It is often practiced in developing countries, where there is a limited amount of land and resources available.
Commercial agriculture: This type of agriculture is used to produce crops or livestock for sale. It is often practiced in developed countries, where there is a large market for agricultural products.
Intensive agriculture: This type of agriculture uses a lot of inputs, such as fertilizer, pesticides, and irrigation, to produce a high yield. It is often practiced in developed countries, where there is a high demand for agricultural products.
Extensive agriculture: This type of agriculture uses fewer inputs than intensive agriculture. It is often practiced in developing countries, where there is less land and resources available.
Organic agriculture: This type of agriculture does not use synthetic chemicals, such as fertilizers and pesticides. It is often practiced by people who are concerned about the Environment and the health of their food.
Sustainable agriculture: This type of agriculture is designed to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It often involves practices such as Crop Rotation, cover Cropping, and no-till farming.
What are the benefits of agriculture?
Agriculture provides us with food, fiber, and fuel. It also plays an important role in the economy, providing jobs and income for millions of people around the world. Agriculture can also help to protect the environment by conserving water and soil resources.
What are the challenges of agriculture?
Agriculture faces a number of challenges, including climate change, pests and diseases, and water scarcity. These challenges are likely to become more severe in the future, as the world’s population continues to grow. Agriculture also contributes to environmental problems, such as deforestation, soil erosion, and Water Pollution.
What is the future of agriculture?
The future of agriculture is uncertain. The challenges facing agriculture are likely to become more severe in the future, as the world’s population continues to grow. However, there are also a number of opportunities for agriculture to develop in a more sustainable way. These opportunities include the use of new technologies, such as precision agriculture and vertical farming, and the adoption of more sustainable practices, such as organic agriculture.
Question 1
Which of the following is not a factor that affects agricultural development?
(A) Climate (B) Soil quality (C) Government policy (D) The availability of labor
Answer (C) Government policy is not a factor that affects agricultural development.
Question 2
Which of the following is a type of agricultural development?