Administrative Organization of the British- For RAS RTS Mains Exam and Ras Rts Prelims Examination

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<<–2/”>a >h2>Army

Army fulfilled four important functions:

  1. Instrument to conquer Indian powers
  2. Defended the British Empire in India against foreign rivals
  3. Safe-guarded against internal revolt
  4. Chief instrument for extending and defending the British Empire in Asia and Africa.

Bulk of the army consisted of Indians. In 1857, of the total strength of 311400, about 265900 were Indians. Highest Indian rank was that of Subedar.

British could conquer and control India through a predominantly Indian army because:

  1. There was absence of modern nationalism at that time
  2. The company paid its soldiers regularly and well, as opposed to the Indian rulers and chieftains.

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Police

Cornwallis was responsible for the creation of a modern police system in India. He established a system of Thanas (or circles) headed by a daroga. The police:

  1. Prevented organization of a large-scale conspiracy against foreign control
  2. Was used to suppress the national movement.

Judiciary

Though started by Hastings, the system was stabilized by Cornwallis.

Civil Cases

District: Diwani Adalat (Civil Court) presided over by the District Judge

Provincial Court: Appeal from civil court

Sardar Diwani Adalat: Highest appeal

There were also, below the District Court, Registrar’s Court (headed by Europeans) and Subordinate Courts headed by Indians known as munsifs or amins.

Criminal Cases

4 divisions of Bengal presidency. Each had a Court of Circuit presided over by the civil servants. Appeals could be made to Sardar Nizamat Adalat.

William Bentinck:

  • Abolished the provincial courts of appeal and circuit
  • Their work was assigned to District Collectors
  • Raised the status and power of Indians in the Judicial service.

In 1865, High Courts were established at Madras, Calcutta and Bombay.

British brought about  uniformity in the system of law. In 1833, the government appointed Law Commission headed by Macaulay to codify Indian Laws. This eventually resulted in the Indian Penal Code, Code of Civil and Criminal Procedures and other codes of laws.

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The East India Company was a British joint-stock company that was formed in 1600 for the purpose of trading in the East Indies. The company was granted a royal charter by Queen Elizabeth I, which gave it the exclusive right to trade with India and other parts of Asia.

The East India Company quickly became one of the most powerful companies in the world. It established trading posts and factories throughout Asia, and it became a major player in the global economy. The company also became involved in politics, and it played a significant role in the colonization of India.

The East India Company was dissolved in 1874, but its legacy continues to this day. The company’s former territories in India became part of the British Empire, and the company’s influence can still be seen in the culture and politics of India.

The Regulating Act of 1773 was a British law that was passed in response to the growing power of the East India Company. The act gave the British government more control over the company’s affairs, and it established a System of Government for the company’s territories in India.

The Pitt’s India Act of 1784 was a British law that further increased the British government’s control over the East India Company. The act created a Board of Control to oversee the company’s affairs, and it appointed a governor-general to rule the company’s territories in India.

The Charter Act of 1813 was a British law that renewed the East India Company’s charter for another 20 years. The act also made some changes to the company’s governance, including increasing the number of seats on the company’s board of directors that were reserved for British officials.

The Charter Act of 1833 was a British law that abolished the East India Company’s monopoly on trade with India. The act also transferred the company’s territories in India to the British Crown, and it created a new system of government for India.

The Indian Councils Act of 1861 was a British law that reformed the legislative councils in India. The act increased the number of elected members in the councils, and it gave the councils more power to discuss and debate government policies.

The Indian Councils Act of 1892 was a British law that further reformed the legislative councils in India. The act increased the number of elected members in the councils, and it gave the councils more power to legislate on matters affecting the Indian people.

The Indian Councils Act of 1909 was a British law that further reformed the legislative councils in India. The act increased the number of elected members in the councils, and it gave the councils more power to legislate on matters affecting the Indian people. The act also created a separate electorate for Muslims, which gave them a greater voice in the councils.

The Government of India Act of 1919 was a British law that introduced a new system of government for India. The act created a bicameral legislature for India, with a lower house called the Legislative Assembly and an upper house called the Council of State. The act also created a system of provincial governments, with each province having its own elected legislature and executive.

The Government of India Act of 1935 was a British law that further reformed the government of India. The act created a federal government for India, with a bicameral legislature called the Federal Assembly and the Council of State. The act also created a system of provincial governments, with each province having its own elected legislature and executive. The act also granted India a greater degree of self-government.

The Indian Independence Act of 1947 was a British law that granted India independence from British rule. The act divided India into two dominions, India and Pakistan. The act also provided for the transfer of power from the British to the Indian and Pakistani governments.

The Administrative Organization of the British in India was a complex and ever-changing system. The East India Company was the first British organization to establish a presence in India, and it played a major role in the colonization of the country. The British government later took over control of India, and it introduced a number of reforms to the country’s government. The Indian Independence Act of 1947 granted India independence from British rule, and it divided the country into two dominions, India and Pakistan.

The following are frequently asked questions and short answers on the topic of Administrative Organization of the British- For RAS RTS Mains Exam and Ras Rts Prelims Examination:

  1. What was the administrative organization of the British in India?

The British administrative organization in India was divided into three levels: the central government, the provincial government, and the Local Government. The central government was responsible for matters of national importance, such as defense, foreign affairs, and finance. The provincial government was responsible for matters of provincial importance, such as law and order, Education, and public Health. The local government was responsible for matters of local importance, such as sanitation, roads, and water supply.

  1. Who were the main officials in the British administrative organization?

The main officials in the British administrative organization were the Governor-General, the Viceroy, the Governors, the Chief Commissioners, the Lieutenant-Governors, the Commissioners, and the District Officers. The Governor-General was the head of the British government in India. The Viceroy was the representative of the British monarch in India. The Governors were the heads of the provincial governments. The Chief Commissioners were the heads of the centrally administered territories. The Lieutenant-Governors were the heads of the provinces that were not directly under the control of the Governor-General. The Commissioners were the heads of the districts. The District Officers were the chief administrators of the districts.

  1. What were the main functions of the British administrative organization?

The main functions of the British administrative organization were to maintain law and order, to collect taxes, to provide education, to promote Economic Development, and to protect the interests of the British government.

  1. What were the main criticisms of the British administrative organization?

The main criticisms of the British administrative organization were that it was too centralized, that it was not responsive to the needs of the people, and that it was not efficient.

  1. What were the main reforms of the British administrative organization?

The main reforms of the British administrative organization were the Indian Councils Act of 1861, the Indian Councils Act of 1892, the Indian Councils Act of 1909, and the Government of India Act of 1935. The Indian Councils Act of 1861 created a legislative council at the central level and legislative councils at the provincial level. The Indian Councils Act of 1892 increased the number of elected members in the legislative councils. The Indian Councils Act of 1909 introduced the principle of communal representation, which reserved seats for certain religious communities in the legislative councils. The Government of India Act of 1935 introduced provincial autonomy and created a federal government at the central level.

  1. What was the impact of the British administrative organization on India?

The British administrative organization had a significant impact on India. It helped to unify the country, to promote economic development, and to introduce Western ideas and institutions. However, it also created a system of social and economic inequality that has persisted to this day.

  1. The British East India Company was founded in the year:
    (A) 1600
    (B) 1602
    (C) 1608
    (D) 1612

  2. The first Governor-General of India was:
    (A) Warren Hastings
    (B) Lord Cornwallis
    (C) Lord Dalhousie
    (D) Lord Canning

  3. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was also known as:
    (A) The Sepoy Mutiny
    (B) The First War of Independence
    (C) The Indian Mutiny
    (D) The Great Rebellion

  4. The Indian Councils Act of 1861 provided for the establishment of:
    (A) Legislative Councils at the Centre and in the Provinces
    (B) Executive Councils at the Centre and in the Provinces
    (C) Both Legislative and Executive Councils at the Centre and in the Provinces
    (D) None of the above

  5. The Indian Councils Act of 1892 increased the number of elected members in the Legislative Councils:
    (A) To 20%
    (B) To 30%
    (C) To 40%
    (D) To 50%

  6. The Indian Councils Act of 1909 introduced the principle of:
    (A) Dyarchy
    (B) Responsible Government
    (C) Dominion Status
    (D) Independence

  7. The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 introduced the principle of:
    (A) Dyarchy
    (B) Responsible Government
    (C) Dominion Status
    (D) Independence

  8. The Government of India Act of 1935 introduced the principle of:
    (A) Dyarchy
    (B) Responsible Government
    (C) Dominion Status
    (D) Independence

  9. The Indian National Congress was founded in the year:
    (A) 1885
    (B) 1886
    (C) 1887
    (D) 1888

  10. The All-India Muslim League was founded in the year:
    (A) 1885
    (B) 1886
    (C) 1887
    (D) 1888

  11. The Lahore Resolution was passed in the year:
    (A) 1940
    (B) 1941
    (C) 1942
    (D) 1943

  12. The Indian Independence Act of 1947 was passed on the date:
    (A) August 15, 1947
    (B) August 16, 1947
    (C) August 17, 1947
    (D) August 18, 1947

  13. The Dominion of India was inaugurated on the date:
    (A) August 15, 1947
    (B) August 16, 1947
    (C) August 17, 1947
    (D) August 18, 1947

  14. The Dominion of Pakistan was inaugurated on the date:
    (A) August 15, 1947
    (B) August 16, 1947
    (C) August 17, 1947
    (D) August 18, 1947

  15. The Constituent Assembly of India met for the first time on the date:
    (A) December 9, 1946
    (B) December 10, 1946
    (C) December 11, 1946
    (D) December 12, 1946

  16. The Constitution of India was adopted on the date:
    (A) November 26, 1949
    (B) December 2, 1949
    (C) December 12, 1949
    (D) January 26, 1950

  17. The Constitution of India came into force on the date:
    (A) November 26, 1949
    (B) December 2, 1949
    (C) December 12, 1949
    (D) January 26, 1950

  18. The first President of India was:
    (A) Dr. Rajendra Prasad

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