Administrative Organization of the British

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Table of Contents

Army

Army fulfilled four important functions:

Instrument to conquer Indian powers
Defended the British Empire in India against foreign rivals
Safe-guarded against internal revolt
Chief instrument for extending and defending the British Empire in Asia and Africa.

Bulk of the army consisted of Indians. In 1857, of the total strength of 311400, about 265900 were Indians. Highest Indian rank was that of Subedar.

British could conquer and control India through a predominantly Indian army because:

There was absence of modern nationalism at that time
The company paid its soldiers regularly and well, as opposed to the Indian rulers and chieftains.

Police

Cornwallis was responsible for the creation of a modern police system in India. He established a system of Thanas (or circles) headed by a daroga. The police:

Prevented organization of a large-scale conspiracy against foreign control
Was used to suppress the national movement.

Judiciary

Though started by Hastings, the system was stabilized by Cornwallis.

Civil Cases

District: Diwani Adalat (Civil Court) presided over by the District Judge

Provincial Court: Appeal from civil court

Sardar Diwani Adalat: Highest appeal

There were also, below the District Court, Registrar’s Court (headed by Europeans) and Subordinate Courts headed by Indians known as munsifs or amins.

Criminal Cases

4 divisions of Bengal presidency. Each had a Court of Circuit presided over by the civil servants. Appeals could be made to Sardar Nizamat Adalat.

William Bentinck:

Abolished the provincial courts of appeal and circuit
Their work was assigned to District Collectors
Raised the status and power of Indians in the Judicial service.

In 1865, High Courts were established at Madras, Calcutta and Bombay.

British brought about uniformity in the system of law. In 1833, the government appointed Law Commission headed by Macaulay to codify Indian Laws. This eventually resulted in the Indian Penal Code, Code of Civil and Criminal Procedures and other codes of laws.,

The administrative organization of the British is a complex and ever-changing system. The following are some of the key subtopics that are relevant to this topic:

The British government
The British Parliament
The British judiciary
The British civil service
The British Local Government
The British police
The British military
The British intelligence Services
The British media
The British Education system
The British healthcare system
The British welfare system
The British economy
The British Trade Unions
The British Political Parties
The British Monarchy
The British Church of England
The British sporting culture
The British arts and culture
The British way of life

This list is by no means exhaustive, and it is important to note that the administrative organization of the British is constantly evolving.

The British government is a Constitutional monarchy, with the monarch as the head of state and the Prime Minister as the head of government. The Parliament is the legislative body, and the judiciary is the independent body responsible for interpreting the law. The civil service is the body of non-elected officials who carry out the day-to-day work of government. Local government is responsible for providing services to local communities, such as education, social care, and waste collection. The police are responsible for maintaining law and order, and the military is responsible for defending the country. The intelligence services are responsible for gathering and analyzing information about threats to national security. The media is responsible for informing the public about news and current affairs. The education system is responsible for providing education to children and young people. The healthcare system is responsible for providing healthcare to the Population. The welfare system is responsible for providing financial assistance to those who are unable to support themselves. The economy is the system of production, distribution, and exchange of goods and services in a country. The trade unions are organizations that represent the interests of workers. The political parties are organizations that compete for control of government. The monarchy is the hereditary head of state of the United Kingdom. The Church of England is the established church of England and the mother church of the Anglican Communion. The British sporting culture is characterized by a love of Sports such as football (soccer), cricket, rugby union, and tennis. The British arts and culture are rich and diverse, and include a wide range of genres such as literature, music, art, and film. The British way of life is characterized by a strong sense of national identity, a love of tradition, and a belief in the importance of hard work and fair play.

The administrative organization of the British is a complex and ever-changing system. It is important to understand the key subtopics that are relevant to this topic in order to have a good understanding of how the British government works.

What is the British government?

The British government is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system. The head of state is the Queen, who is also the head of the Commonwealth of Nations. The head of government is the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the Queen and is the leader of the party with the most seats in the House of Commons. The House of Commons is the lower house of Parliament, and the House of Lords is the upper house. Parliament is responsible for making laws, and the government is responsible for carrying out those laws.

What are the different branches of the British government?

The three branches of the British government are the executive, the legislative, and the judicial. The executive branch is responsible for carrying out the laws, and is headed by the Prime Minister. The legislative branch is responsible for making the laws, and is made up of the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The judicial branch is responsible for interpreting the laws, and is made up of The Supreme Court.

What are the powers of the British government?

The British government has the power to make laws, to raise taxes, to declare war, and to maintain the armed forces. The government also has the power to regulate trade, to provide for the welfare of its citizens, and to promote the interests of the United Kingdom.

What are the responsibilities of the British government?

The British government is responsible for providing for the safety and security of its citizens, for promoting the economic well-being of the country, and for upholding the Rule of Law. The government is also responsible for providing for the education, Health care, and social welfare of its citizens.

What are the challenges facing the British government?

The British government is facing a number of challenges, including the Rise of Nationalism and populism, the threat of terrorism, and the economic challenges of Brexit. The government is also facing the challenge of providing for the needs of an aging population.

What is the future of the British government?

The future of the British government is uncertain. The country is facing a number of challenges, and it is unclear how the government will respond to these challenges. The future of the British government will also depend on the outcome of Brexit.

The British government is divided into three branches:
(a) the executive, the legislative, and the judicial.
(b) the executive, the legislative, and the military.
(c) the executive, the legislative, and the financial.
(d) the executive, the legislative, and the religious.
The head of the British government is the:
(a) Prime Minister.
(b) President.
(c) King or Queen.
(d) Parliament.
The British Parliament is made up of:
(a) the House of Commons and the House of Lords.
(b) the House of Representatives and the Senate.
(c) the Supreme Court and the Congress.
(d) the President and the Cabinet.
The British Prime Minister is appointed by the:
(a) King or Queen.
(b) Parliament.
(c) President.
(d) Prime Minister of another country.
The British Parliament meets in the:
(a) Palace of Westminster.
(b) White House.
(c) Kremlin.
(d) Great Wall of China.
The British legal system is based on:
(a) common law.
(b) Civil Law.
(c) religious law.
(d) military law.
The highest court in the British legal system is the:
(a) Supreme Court of the United Kingdom.
(b) Supreme Court of the United States.
(c) Supreme Court of Russia.
(d) Supreme Court of China.
The British flag is a:
(a) red, white, and blue flag with a Union Jack in the upper left corner.
(b) red, white, and blue flag with a star in the center.
(c) red, white, and blue flag with a hammer and sickle in the center.
(d) red, white, and blue flag with a dragon in the center.
The British National Anthem is:
(a) “God Save the Queen.”
(b) “The Star-Spangled Banner.”
(c) “The Internationale.”
(d) “The Chinese National Anthem.”
The British national animal is the:
(a) lion.
(b) eagle.
(c) bear.
(d) dragon.

Answers:
1. (a)
2. (a)
3. (a)
4. (b)
5. (a)
6. (a)
7. (a)
8. (a)
9. (a)
10. (a)