<<–2/”>a href=”https://exam.pscnotes.com/5653-2/”>p>Chandrayaan-2 and Chandrayaan-3 are part of India’s lunar exploration program led by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Chandrayaan-2, launched on July 22, 2019, was India’s second lunar exploration mission, designed to explore the south polar region of the Moon. Despite the orbiter’s success, the mission faced a partial setback when the Vikram lander crashed during its descent. Learning from this experience, ISRO initiated the Chandrayaan-3 mission, aimed at achieving a successful soft landing on the lunar surface. Chandrayaan-3, launched on July 14, 2023, represents a more focused attempt to accomplish the objectives initially set for Chandrayaan-2.
| Feature | Chandrayaan-2 | Chandrayaan-3 |
|---|---|---|
| Launch Date | July 22, 2019 | July 14, 2023 |
| Mission Type | Orbiter, Lander, Rover | Lander, Rover |
| Objective | To explore the south polar region of the Moon | To achieve a successful soft landing on the Moon |
| Orbiter | Yes | No |
| Lander | Yes (Vikram) | Yes (Vikram) |
| Rover | Yes (Pragyan) | Yes (Pragyan) |
| Lander Design | Complex, with multiple scientific instruments | Simplified design, focused on landing |
| Rover Design | Equipped with scientific instruments | Similar design with minor upgrades |
| Scientific Instruments | More comprehensive | Limited, focusing on essential objectives |
| Mission Duration | One lunar day (14 Earth days) for the lander/rover | One lunar day (14 Earth days) for the lander/rover |
| Landing Site | South polar region of the Moon | South polar region of the Moon |
| Orbiter Lifespan | Estimated 7 years (still operational) | Not applicable |
| Cost | Approximately ₹978 crore | Approximately ₹615 crore |
| Rocket Used | GSLV Mk III-M1 | LVM3-M4 |
| Communication | Direct communication with Earth | Relies on the orbiter of Chandrayaan-2 |
| Technological Improvements | First attempt at a soft landing, various tech tests | Enhanced landing algorithms, simpler lander design |
| Success Rate | Partial success (orbiter operational) | Pending outcome |
The main objectives were to map the Moon’s surface, study its composition, and investigate water ice in the south polar region.
The failure was due to a Software glitch during the final stages of descent, leading to a crash landing.
Chandrayaan-3 features a simplified lander design, improved landing algorithms, and builds on the lessons learned from Chandrayaan-2.
No, Chandrayaan-3 does not include an orbiter; it relies on the existing orbiter from Chandrayaan-2 for communication.
The Pragyan rover on Chandrayaan-3 carries instruments to analyze the lunar surface’s chemical composition and study the presence of water Molecules.
The lander and rover are designed to operate for one lunar day, which is approximately 14 Earth days.
The estimated cost of Chandrayaan-3 is around ₹615 crore.
The south polar region is significant for its permanently shadowed craters that may contain water ice, providing insights into the Moon’s history and potential Resources for future exploration.
Chandrayaan-3 aims to achieve a successful lunar landing, enhancing India’s capabilities in space exploration and solidifying its position in the global space community.
Advancements include improved landing algorithms, a more robust lander design, and enhanced mission planning based on Chandrayaan-2’s data and experiences.
Chandrayaan-2 and Chandrayaan-3 represent significant milestones in India’s lunar exploration efforts. While Chandrayaan-2 faced challenges with its lander, the mission’s orbiter continues to provide valuable scientific data. Chandrayaan-3 focuses on achieving a successful soft landing, leveraging the lessons learned from its predecessor. Both missions underscore ISRO’s commitment to advancing space science and technology, contributing to global lunar research and exploration.