Orissa physiography

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Orissa extends from 17-degree 49 N to 22-degree 34N latitude and from 81-degree 27-E to 87- degree 29ŏ E longitudes on the eastern coast of India. It is bound by the States of West Bengal on the North East, Jharkhand on the north and Chhatisgarh on the West, Andhra Pradesh on the South & Bay of Bengal on the East. Morphologically Orissa can be divided into five parts.

The coastal plains,
the middle mountainous country,
the rolling upland,
the river valleys &
the subdued plateaus.

The coastal plains

The coastal plains of Orissa stretch from the Subarnarekha in the North to Rushikulya in the South. They are narrow in the North, widest in the middle, narrowest in the lake Chilka coast and broad in the South. The coastal plains are the gift of six major rivers, which bring silt from their catchments, has reclaimed this area from the depths of the Bay of Bengal.

The rivers from North to South are the Subarnarekha, the Budha Balanga, the Baitarani, the Brahmani, the Mahanadi and the Rushikulya. The coastal plains can be termed as a land of Ŏsix deltasŏ of the Subarnarekha and the Budha Balanga, the middle coastal plains the combined deltas of the Baitarani, the Brahmani and the Mahanadi and the South coastal plains (The Rushikulya plains).

The mountainous region of Orissa

It covers about three-fourths of the area of the State. This region is a part of Indian peninsula. Here deep and broad valleys are cut by the Baitarani, the Brahmani, the Mahanadi, the Rushikulya, the Vansadhara and the Nagavali rivers. They are fertile, well-drained and thickly populated. Morphologically this region can be divided into the following units

(a) the Simulia and the Meghasan Mountains,

(b) the Baitarani and the Brahamani interfluous,

(d) the water shed of Rushikulya and

the Vansadhara.

The elevation ranges from 610 to 1, 068 meters.

The rolling uplands

are lower in elevation than the plateaus. They vary from 153m. to 305m. They are the products of continued river action, are rich in Soil nutrients, and are situated in the Koelsankh basin of the upper Brahmani in the IB, the Suktel and the Tel of the middle Mahanadi and the Sabari basins. The rolling uplands may be grouped as follows : the Rajgangpur uplands, the Jharsuguda uplands, the Bargarh uplands, the Bolangir-Titilagarh-Patnagarh uplands, the Bhawanipatna uplands, the Malkangiri uplands and the Rairangpur uplands.

River valleys

These are net product of the action of rivers. They are fertile and at times present an undulating topography. The lands of Orissa are irrigated by many large rivers and their tributaries. While some of them originate in Orissa itself, River Mahanadi is the largest river of Orissa and the sixth largest of India, originates from the Holy Amarkantak Hills of the Bastar Plateau lying in the state of Chatisgarh. But unlike river Bhauda and river Vamsadhara, Mahanadi forms almost all of its catchment area in Orissa while the former ones Originates from Orissa but irrigates the land of other states. Brahmani River is the second largest river of Orissa, River Koel and River Sankh merges into one at Ved Vyasa near the steel city of Rourkela to form River Baitarini.

The subdued plateaus

reveal all the peculiarities of peninsular tablelands. They are almost flat and the monotony of orography is interrupted by the river valleys. These features are commonly met within the upper Baitarani and the Sabari basins of the Keonjhar and Koraput Districts, respectively. In these uplands Sheet erosion is most common while gullying is confined to the river valleys. These plateaus can be divided into the Panposh-Keonjhar-Pallahara plateaus and the Nawrangpur-Jeypore plateaus.

Flood plains

The flood plains are the most fertile lands of the state. The heavy rains of monsoons bring in flood in many regions of Orissa as most of the rivers of this state flows beyond their normal level during this season. The accumulation of the soils eroded by floods every year has resulted in the fertile lands in forms of Flood plains in Orissa. Most of the agricultural activities of the state takes place in these plains.

Orissa is a state in eastern India. It is bordered by West Bengal to the north, Jharkhand to the northwest, Chhattisgarh to the west, Andhra Pradesh to the south, and the Bay of Bengal to the east. The state has a Population of over 45 million people and a land area of over 155,000 square kilometers.

Orissa is a physiographically diverse state. The Eastern Ghats mountain range runs along the eastern coast of the state, while the Central Highlands plateau lies in the interior. The Coastal Plains are a narrow strip of land that lies along the Bay of Bengal.

The major rivers in Orissa are the Mahanadi, the Brahmani, the Baitarani, and the Subarnarekha. The Mahanadi is the longest river in Orissa, and it is the main source of Irrigation for the state. The Brahmani is the second longest river in Orissa, and it is a major source of drinking water for the state. The Baitarani is a major river in the southern part of Orissa, and it is a major source of irrigation for the state. The Subarnarekha is a major river in the northern part of Orissa, and it is a major source of drinking water for the state.

Orissa has a tropical Climate. The Average temperature in Orissa ranges from 20 degrees Celsius in winter to 35 degrees Celsius in summer. The state receives an average rainfall of 1,200 mm per year.

The soils in Orissa are mostly alluvial. The alluvial soils are fertile and are suitable for a variety of crops.

The vegetation in Orissa is diverse. The state is home to a variety of forests, including tropical rainforests, deciduous forests, and mangrove forests.

Orissa is home to a variety of wildlife, including tigers, elephants, rhinoceroses, and leopards. The state has a number of national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, which are home to these animals.

Orissa is rich in natural Resources. The state has deposits of coal, iron Ore, bauxite, and limestone. The state also has a number of hydroelectric power Plants.

About 60% of the land in Orissa is used for agriculture. The state is a major producer of rice, wheat, and sugarcane. About 20% of the land is used for forests. The remaining 20% of the land is used for urban development, industries, and other purposes.

The population of Orissa is about 45 million. The state is home to a number of large cities, including Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, and Rourkela.

The economy of Orissa is based on agriculture, mining, and manufacturing. The state is a major producer of rice, wheat, and sugarcane. The state also has deposits of coal, iron ore, bauxite, and limestone. The state has a number of hydroelectric power plants.

Orissa is a popular tourist destination. The state is home to a number of historical and religious sites, including the Jagannath Temple in Puri. The state also has a number of beautiful beaches.

Here are some of the popular tourist destinations in Orissa:

The Jagannath Temple in Puri is one of the most famous Hindu temples in India. The temple is dedicated to the god Jagannath, who is a form of Vishnu. The temple is a major pilgrimage destination for Hindus from all over the world.
The Konark Sun Temple is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The temple is dedicated to the sun god Surya. The temple is known for its intricate carvings and sculptures.
The Chilika Lake is the largest brackish water lake in India. The lake is home to a variety of birds, including flamingos, pelicans, and herons. The lake is also a popular tourist destination for water Sports.
The Dhauligiri Hills are a popular tourist destination for trekking and hiking. The hills offer stunning views of the surrounding countryside.
The Nandankanan Zoological park is home to a variety of animals, including tigers, elephants, rhinoceroses, and leopards. The park is a popular tourist destination for families with children.
The Bhitarkanika National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The park is home to a variety of wildlife, including tigers, elephants, saltwater crocodiles, and pythons. The park is also a popular tourist destination for bird watching.

What is physiography?

Physiography is the study of the physical features of the Earth’s surface, including its Landforms, climate, and vegetation.

What are the different types of physiography?

There are many different types of physiography, but some of the most common include:

Mountainous physiography: This type of physiography is characterized by high mountains, steep slopes, and deep valleys.
Hilly physiography: This type of physiography is characterized by rolling hills and gentle slopes.
Plains physiography: This type of physiography is characterized by flat or gently rolling land.
Coastal physiography: This type of physiography is characterized by land that borders the ocean.
Desert physiography: This type of physiography is characterized by dry, sandy land.
Tundra physiography: This type of physiography is characterized by cold, treeless land.
Forest physiography: This type of physiography is characterized by land covered in trees.

What are the factors that influence physiography?

The factors that influence physiography include:

Climate: The climate of a region can affect the type of physiography that develops. For example, mountainous physiography is more common in cold climates, while plains physiography is more common in warm climates.
Geology: The geology of a region can also affect the type of physiography that develops. For example, mountainous physiography is more common in regions with a lot of igneous rock, while plains physiography is more common in regions with a lot of sedimentary rock.
Human activity: Human activity can also affect the physiography of a region. For example, deforestation can lead to the development of grasslands, while agriculture can lead to the development of terraces.

What are the benefits of studying physiography?

There are many benefits to studying physiography. For example, physiography can help us to understand the Earth’s climate, its Natural Resources, and its potential for Human Development. Physiography can also help us to understand the history of the Earth and the processes that have shaped its surface.

What are the challenges of studying physiography?

One of the challenges of studying physiography is that it is a very complex field. There are many different factors that can affect physiography, and it can be difficult to study all of these factors in detail. Another challenge is that physiography is a constantly changing field. The Earth’s surface is constantly being shaped by natural processes, such as erosion and deposition, and by human activity. This makes it difficult to keep up with the latest research in physiography.

What are some of the latest research findings in physiography?

Some of the latest research findings in physiography include:

The discovery of new types of physiography, such as the “supercontinent” Pangaea.
The development of new methods for studying physiography, such as remote sensing.
The understanding of the role of physiography in Climate Change.

What are some of the applications of physiography?

Some of the applications of physiography include:

Land use planning: Physiography can be used to help plan how land is used. For example, mountainous physiography is often used for recreation, while plains physiography is often used for agriculture.
Natural resource management: Physiography can be used to help manage natural resources. For example, forests are often found in mountainous physiography, and these forests can be managed for timber production or for recreation.
Disaster prevention: Physiography can be used to help prevent disasters. For example, Earthquakes are more likely to occur in mountainous physiography, and this information can be used to build earthquake-resistant buildings.

The highest peak in Orissa is:
(A) Deomali
(B) Mahendragiri
(C) Rajgir
(D) Barunai
The longest river in Orissa is:
(A) Mahanadi
(B) Brahmani
(C) Baitarani
(D) Indravati
The capital of Orissa is:
(A) Bhubaneswar
(B) Cuttack
(C) Rourkela
(D) Sambalpur
The major language spoken in Orissa is:
(A) Odia
(B) Hindi
(C) English
(D) Bengali
The major religion in Orissa is:
(A) Hinduism-2/”>Hinduism
(B) Islam
(C) Christianity
(D) Buddhism-2/”>Buddhism
The major crops grown in Orissa are:
(A) Rice
(B) Wheat
(C) Sugarcane
(D) Tea
The major industries in Orissa are:
(A) Steel
(B) Mining
(C) Power
(D) Tourism
The major tourist attractions in Orissa are:
(A) Konark Sun Temple
(B) Jagannath Temple
(C) Dhauligiri
(D) all of the above
The major festivals in Orissa are:
(A) Rath Yatra
(B) Dussehra
(C) Diwali
(D) all of the above
The major sports played in Orissa are:
(A) Football
(B) Cricket
(C) Hockey
(D) all of the above