Irrigation and Hydropower of Goa
Goa is situated within the Konkan region and is that the smallest state in India. Substitutable with tourism in India, Goa remains one among the favourite traveller destinations for millions across the world. Bordered by the Arabian Sea on its west, Goa is blessed in terms of topographic beauty. Goa is split into 2 districts North Goa and South Goa. This small state is set on the western coastal region of the Indian ground. Geographically it bears a hanging alikeness to its neighbour states of Maharashtra and Karnataka. It lies between 15°48’00” north to 14°53’54” north latitudes and 74° 20’13” east to 73° 40’33” east longitudes. The one distinctive feature regarding the geography of Goa is that it’s a seamless concoction of mountainous, highland regions and coastal plains.
Panaji virtually suggests that land that never floods. It is the capital and most well-liked town in Goa. Goa, a petite state placed on the West Coast of the peninsular India, is presented with 9 major rivers of that the Mandovi and therefore the Zuari Rivers are the key and important rivers from irrigation and hydropower purpose of read. Spatial and temporal variation of Precipitation in these basins has nice influence on water Resources of the state. visible of this, on the idea of accessible monthly precipitation knowledge from 1901-2012 and daily precipitation knowledge for the amount of 2001-2012 for the stations placed in north and south districts of Goa were analysed to review the mean monthly, seasonal and annual precipitation intensity, trends and its spatial distribution; severe rainstorms and their rain depths for various durations. The analysis are going to be vital in water designing comes particularly, for irrigation, hydropower and control, etc. for the Goa state.
Goa being a small state depends on its neighbouring states for milk, Poultry and vegetables. Rice which is cultivated within the rains from June to Sept is that the major crop followed by Cereals like pulses and tiny Millets. The betel nut, coconut, cashew are the opposite major Plantation Crops here and therefore the garden crops embrace pineapple, mango, bananas and jackfruits. Conjointly from the forest varied kinds of barks and bamboo canes are harvested.
Goa holds quite forty estuarial, eight marine and just about ninety reverie islands. There are 9 major rivers in Goa flowing from East (Western Ghat) to West (Arabian Sea) except Sal River. Terekhol, Baga, Zuari, Sal, Chapora Saleri, Talpona, Mandovi Galgibag are the most 9 rivers of Goa. Among these rivers, Mandovi and Zuari drain 2553 Sq. km, regarding 70th of the full geographic area of Goa. Out of the 9 rivers, six originate and flow completely at intervals the state boundaries and don’t have any interstate implications. However, watercourse Terekhol and Chapora originate in geographical area state whereas Mandovi originates in Karnataka. These rivers kind an integral a part of Goa life thanks to their movableness, irrigation facilities, agriculture and coastal resources, transportation of mining ores, etc. Most of the rivers are passable and of vast economic importance as ores ar transported through these rivers to Mormugao port for export. There are 2 major lakes viz. Mayem and Carambolim. For any hydraulic project connected with irrigation, hydro-power generation, control and drain, it’s necessary to get the spatial and time distribution of precipitation related to the storm and to gauge the common depth of precipitation yielded by it over a specified space throughout the storm amount. A storm is outlined as a spatial distribution of serious rainfall, yielding Average depth of precipitation that equals or exceed a precise threshold price over a neighbourhood in association with some meteorological phenomena viz. low pressure areas, depression or cyclonic storms etc.
The Tillari irrigation project may be a joint venue of government of Goa and Governm
ent of Maharashtra. It envisages the development of a stuff dam across watercourse Tillari, a west flowing river originating from Sahyadri Mountains in Chandgad taluka of Kolhapur district of Maharashtra state, crosses Maharashtra state close to village Maneri to enter Goa state wherever it is popularly referred to as Chapora.
Irrigation cum power outlet tunnel has been planned on the left facet of the saddle waste weir for cathartic the water into neighbourhood canal through the ability house with 10 MW put in capacity.
Canal system: Left Bank main canal takes off from ICPO tunnel and runs 18.379 kms in Maharashtra state and thirty seven.40 kms in Goa state. It carries a discharge of thirty two.56 cumecs at head. It commands a region of 1698 ha in Maharashtra and 19971 ha in Goa. Neighbourhood main canal flies from the Terwanmedhe devour weir and runs 24.692 kms in Maharashtra and 23.75 kms within the Goa state. The discharge capability at the pinnacle is 2.89 cumecs and its additional increased t 14.50 cumecs through the link canal at Ch 14.775 kms in Maharashtra. It commands a region of 4978 ha in Maharashtra and 5007 ha in Goa. Link canal flies from LMBC at 13 kms and runs 3.53 kms to affix with RBMC close to village Parma, when organic process Perma watercourse through the conduit. It carries a discharge of twelve cumecs for augmenting the discharge of RMBC. Banda branch flies from RBMC at Ch 6.02 kms (Goa portion) and runs for a length of 57 kms within the Maharashtra state with a designed capability of 6.5 cumecs to cater the needs of Maharashtra. Sanquelim branch canal takes off from LMBC at Ch 1.700 kms (Goa portion) and runs for a length of 14.00 kms with a style capability of 4.46cumecs.
Benefits of the project and also the value estimates are delineated within the paper. The project can go an extended means in irrigating a significant chunk of land in north Goa, and can additionally satisfy the growing wants of drinking and industries within the state for an extended time to come. Considering the Water Resources scenario of Goa, the project can play a significant role within the development of the state.,
Irrigation in Goa
Irrigation is the artificial application of water to land to assist in the growing of crops. It is used to supplement and regulate the natural water cycle. Irrigation helps to improve crop yields and quality, and can also be used to control pests and diseases.
In Goa, irrigation is mainly used for rice cultivation. Other crops that are irrigated include sugarcane, vegetables, and fruits. The main sources of irrigation water in Goa are rivers, Dams, and wells.
The State Government of Goa has implemented a number of irrigation schemes to improve the efficiency of irrigation in the state. These schemes include the construction of new dams and canals, and the rehabilitation of existing irrigation Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE.
Hydropower in Goa
Hydropower is the production of electricity from the potential energy of water. It is a RENEWABLE ENERGY source that does not produce greenhouse gases.
In Goa, hydropower is generated by a number of hydroelectric power Plants. The largest of these is the Salaulim hydroelectric power plant, which has a capacity of 132 MW. Other hydroelectric power plants in Goa include the Anjunem hydroelectric power plant, the Chapora hydroelectric power plant, and the Mandovi hydroelectric power plant.
The state government of Goa has plans to increase the installed capacity of hydropower in the state. These plans include the construction of new hydroelectric power plants, and the rehabilitation of existing hydroelectric power plants.
Water resources of Goa
Goa is a state in western India that is located on the Arabian Sea coast. The state has a total area of 3,702 square kilometers. Goa is a tropical state with a humid Climate. The average annual rainfall in Goa is 2,500 millimeters.
The main water resources of Goa are rivers, dams, and wells. The major rivers in Goa are the Mandovi River, the Zuari River, and the Terekhol River. The state government of Goa has constructed a number of dams in Goa to store water for irrigation and drinking purposes. The largest dam in Goa is the Salaulim Dam.
Watershed Management in Goa
Watershed management is the process of managing land and water resources in a watershed. A watershed is an area of land that drains into a common water body, such as a river or lake.
Watershed management is important for a number of reasons. It can help to improve water quality, reduce flooding, and protect water resources. Watershed management can also help to improve the Environment and the livelihoods of people who live in watersheds.
The state government of Goa has implemented a number of watershed management programs in the state. These programs include the construction of check dams, the rehabilitation of degraded forests, and the promotion of rainwater harvesting.
Water conservation in Goa
Water conservation is the practice of using water wisely and efficiently. It is important to conserve water because water is a limited resource.
There are a number of ways to conserve water. These include taking shorter showers, fixing leaky faucets, and planting drought-tolerant plants. Water conservation can also be achieved by using water-efficient appliances and fixtures.
The state government of Goa has implemented a number of water conservation programs in the state. These programs include the promotion of water-efficient appliances and fixtures, the installation of rainwater harvesting systems, and the Education of the public about water conservation.
Water Pollution in Goa
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies by harmful substances. Water pollution can cause a number of problems, including the death of aquatic life, the spread of disease, and the contamination of drinking water.
There are a number of sources of water pollution. These include industrial waste, sewage, and agricultural runoff. Water pollution can also be caused by natural disasters, such as floods and Earthquakes.
The state government of Goa has implemented a number of water pollution control programs in the state. These programs include the construction of sewage treatment plants, the enforcement of environmental regulations, and the education of the public about water pollution.
Water management in Goa
Water management is the process of planning, developing, and managing water resources. Water management is important for a number of reasons. It can help to improve water quality, reduce flooding, and protect water resources. Water management can also help to improve the environment and the livelihoods of people who live in watersheds.
The state government of Goa has implemented a number of water management programs in the state. These programs include the construction of dams, the rehabilitation of degraded forests, and the promotion of rainwater harvesting.
Water governance in Goa
Water governance is the process of making decisions about water resources. Water governance is important because it can help to ensure that water resources are managed in a fair and equitable way.
The state government of Goa has implemented a number of water governance programs in the state. These programs include the establishment of water user associations, the development of water allocation plans, and the enforcement of water laws.
Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about irrigation and hydropower:
What is irrigation?
Irrigation is the artificial application of water to land to assist in the growing of crops.What are the different types of irrigation?
There are many different types of irrigation, including surface irrigation, Sprinkler Irrigation, and Drip Irrigation.What are the benefits of irrigation?
Irrigation can increase crop yields, improve crop quality, and extend the growing season.What are the challenges of irrigation?
Irrigation can be expensive, and it can also lead to water pollution and water shortages.What is hydropower?
Hydropower is the generation of electricity from the flow of water.How does hydropower work?
Hydropower plants use the kinetic energy of moving water to turn a turbine, which then generates electricity.What are the benefits of hydropower?
Hydropower is a renewable energy source that does not produce greenhouse gases.What are the challenges of hydropower?
Hydropower plants can have a negative impact on the environment, and they can also be expensive to build and operate.What is the future of irrigation and hydropower?
The future of irrigation and hydropower is uncertain. Climate Change is expected to make water more scarce, and this could impact both irrigation and hydropower.What can be done to improve the future of irrigation and hydropower?
There are a number of things that can be done to improve the future of irrigation and hydropower, including investing in research and development, improving efficiency, and reducing environmental impact.
Question 1
Which of the following is not a type of irrigation?
(A) Surface irrigation
(B) Drip irrigation
(C) Sprinkler irrigation
(D) Hydropower
Answer
(D) Hydropower is not a type of irrigation. It is a type of energy generation.
Question 2
Which of the following is not a benefit of irrigation?
(A) Increased crop yields
(B) Reduced Soil erosion
(C) Improved water quality
(D) Increased water use
Answer
(D) Increased water use is not a benefit of irrigation. Irrigation can actually help to reduce water use by making it more efficient.
Question 3
Which of the following is not a challenge of irrigation?
(A) Waterlogging
(B) Salinization
(C) Soil erosion
(D) Water pollution
Answer
(D) Water pollution is not a challenge of irrigation. Irrigation can actually help to improve water quality by reducing runoff and erosion.
Question 4
Which of the following is not a type of hydropower?
(A) Run-of-river hydropower
(B) Pumped storage hydropower
(C) Tidal hydropower
(D) Geothermal hydropower
Answer
(D) Geothermal hydropower is not a type of hydropower. It is a type of Geothermal Energy generation.
Question 5
Which of the following is not a benefit of hydropower?
(A) It is a renewable energy source
(B) It does not produce greenhouse gases
(C) It is a reliable Source Of Energy
(D) It can be used to generate electricity in remote areas
Answer
(D) Hydropower can be used to generate electricity in remote areas, but it is not the only type of energy that can be used in remote areas. Other types of renewable energy, such as solar and wind power, can also be used in remote areas.
Question 6
Which of the following is not a challenge of hydropower?
(A) It can damage fish and other aquatic life
(B) It can cause flooding
(C) It can be expensive to build and maintain
(D) It can be disruptive to local communities
Answer
(A) Hydropower does not damage fish and other aquatic life. In fact, hydropower can actually help to protect fish and other aquatic life by providing a stable water flow.
Question 7
Which of the following is not a type of soil?
(A) Sandy soil
(B) Clay soil
(C) Loam soil
(D) Hydropower soil
Answer
(D) Hydropower soil is not a type of soil. It is a type of energy generation.
Question 8
Which of the following is not a benefit of soil?
(A) It provides a home for plants
(B) It helps to regulate the climate
(C) It filters water
(D) It is a source of food
Answer
(D) Soil is not a source of food. Plants are the source of food. Soil provides the nutrients that plants need to grow.
Question 9
Which of the following is not a challenge of soil?
(A) Soil erosion
(B) Salinization
(C) Acidification
(D) Hydropower
Answer
(D) Hydropower is not a challenge of soil. It is a type of energy generation.
Question 10
Which of the following is not a way to protect soil?
(A) Reduce erosion
(B) Reduce salinization
(C) Reduce acidification
(D) Use hydropower
Answer
(D) Using hydropower is not a way to protect soil. It is a way to generate electricity.