Climate of Haryana

Climate of Haryana

• The climate of the state is subtropical, semi-arid to sub-humid, continental and monsoon type.
• The Average rainfall of the state is 560 mm which varies from less than 300 mm in south-western parts to over 1000 mm in the hilly tracks of Shivalik hills.
• The climate of Haryana is very hot in summer and cold in winters.
• The hottest months are May and June and the coldest being December and January.
• Rainfall is varied, with the Shivalik Hills region being the wettest and the Aravali Hills region being the driest.
• About 80% of the rainfall occurs in the monsoon season during the months of July and September.
• Rainfall is varied with Shivalik Hills region being the wettest and the Aravali Hills region being the driest.
• Haryana is very hot in summer and cold in winters.
• The temperature falls to the lowest in January and reaches upto 50 Degree Centigrade during the months of May and June.
• Winter months have average temperatures in the range 3 Degree Centigrade to 9 Degree Centigrade and the summer months temperatures are higher in the range of 48 Degree Centigrade to 35 Degree Centigrade.
• The State has 3 main climate regions. Average annual rainfall and air temperature are given below:-

Climate – Current Baseline and Climate Projections of Haryana

• The long term trends in observed seasonal Precipitation and temperature over Haryana using IMD gridded rainfall and temperature at daily time scales has been performed to arrive at current baseline Climatology for the basin. Summary is presented in the following paragraphs.

Data used

• IMD gridded rainfall at 0.5 degree spatial resolution for the time period 1971-2005 (35 years)
• IMD gridded maximum and minimum temperature at 1 degree spatial resolution for the time period 1969-2005 (37 years)

Observed Precipitation trends

• Rainfall in the state of Haryana varies considerably both in space and time from year to year
• The mean south-west monsoon (June, July, August and September) rainfall (447 mm) contributes 82% of annual rainfall (544 mm).
• Mean monthly rainfall during August (163 mm) is highest and contributes about 30% of annual rainfall, followed by July which contributes about 29.5%.
• The mean rainfall during June is slightly lower and contributes about 10% of annual rainfall.
• September rainfall contributes 13 % of annual rainfall.
• Contribution of pre-monsoon (March, April and May) rainfall and post-monsoon (October, November and December) rainfall in annual rainfall is 8% and 5.8% respectively. Inter annual variation in rainfall is very marginal
• Average number of rainy days in Haryana during the south west monsoon is about 25 days and varies spatially from 14 days to 40 days.
• Days when there is high rainfall events range from 1 to 3 days and similarly the extreme rainfall days are less and is about 1 day.
• Average number of rainy days in Haryana during the post monsoon (winter) is about 2 days and varies from 1 days to 3 days.
• Days when there are high and extreme rainfall events are negligible

Observed Temperature trends

• The state of Haryana shows a spatial as well as temporal variability
• Diurnal temperature varies from 31.4 Degree Centigrade to 17.4 Degree Centigrade
• There is no significant trend in the mean maximum temperature, minimum temperature shows an increase of about 1.0 Degree Centigrade to 1.2 Degree Centigrade in 37 years.
• Districts of Fatehabad, Jhajjar and Karnal show higher increase in the minimum temperature (1.1 Degree Centigrade to 1.3 Degree Centigrade).
• Inter annual variation is not significant. Spatial variation in annual maximum and minimum temperature found to be around 2 Degree Centigrade seasonal average maximum temperature is higher during pre monsoon and monsoon season and ranges between 35.4 Degree Centigrade to 36.2 Degree Centigrade.
• Similarly seasonal average minimum temperature is lowest during winter period and ranges from 6.9 Degree Centigrade to 7.6 Degree Centigrade.

Climate Change aspect of Haryana

• Climate Change has emerged as one of the most serious environmental and socio-economic concerns of our times.
• It is a global phenomenon with diverse local impacts likely to alter the distribution and quality of our natural Resources and adversely affect the livelihood of the people specially the poor and marginalized communities.
• In 1992, India adopted the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, global initiative to combat climate change.
• ARTICLE 3 of the UNFCCC states that “parties should protect the climate system for the benefit of future and present generations of human kind on the basis of Equity and in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibility and respective capabilities.”
• A latecomer into the nation’s development process and with a per capita Green House Gas emission barely a fraction of the national average and the magnitude much below that of other industralised states of the country, the state’s economy is closely linked to its natural resource base and climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture and Forestry.
• Hence, the state faces an increased risk of the negative impacts of climate change.
• The state would therefore adopt a climate friendly, equity based and sustainable developmental path taking into account our “common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities”, and our regional development priorities, objectives and circumstances.
• A State Action Plan on Climate Change would be prepared within the ambit of the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) albeit with modifications that suits the specific requirements of the state.
• A climate change cell should be set up to coordinate the gathering of information, conduct research and offer solutions to the problems with regard to Food Security, change in rainfall patterns etc.
• Climate change initiatives to be started with the cooperation of the civil Society at large to achieve:

1. Energy Efficiency.
2. Harness RENEWABLE ENERGY sources.
3. Adaptive management in agriculture.
4. Promote climate friendly technologies.
5. Launch campaign on 3Rs-recycle, reduce, reuse

Agro-climatic zone of Haryana

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The climate of Haryana is semi-arid, with hot summers and cold winters. The average temperature in the state ranges from 10 degrees Celsius in winter to 40 degrees Celsius in summer. The annual rainfall is about 700 mm, which is mostly received during the monsoon season from July to September.

Temperature

The temperature in Haryana varies greatly throughout the year. The summers are hot and humid, with temperatures often reaching above 40 degrees Celsius. The winters are cold and dry, with temperatures often dropping below 10 degrees Celsius.

Rainfall

The annual rainfall in Haryana is about 700 mm. The monsoon season, which runs from July to September, is the wettest time of the year. The rest of the year is relatively dry.

Humidity

The humidity in Haryana is high, especially during the summer months. The average humidity in the state is about 70%.

Wind

The wind in Haryana is mostly from the west. The wind speed is usually moderate, but it can be strong during the monsoon season.

Soil

The soil in Haryana is mostly sandy and loamy. The soil is not very fertile, but it is suitable for growing crops such as wheat, rice, and Cotton.

Vegetation

The vegetation in Haryana is mostly scrubland and Grassland. There are also some forests in the state. The forests are home to a variety of animals, including tigers, leopards, and deer.

Wildlife

The wildlife in Haryana is diverse. The state is home to a variety of animals, including tigers, leopards, deer, and wild boars. There are also a number of birds, reptiles, and amphibians in the state.

Agriculture

Agriculture is the main occupation in Haryana. The state is a major producer of wheat, rice, and cotton. Other important crops include sugarcane, maize, and millet.

Tourism

Tourism is also a major Industry in Haryana. The state is home to a number of historical and religious sites, as well as a number of wildlife sanctuaries. Some of the popular tourist destinations in Haryana include the following:

• The Surajkund Mela is a major cultural festival that is held every year in February.
• The Kurukshetra War Site is a historical site that is associated with The Mahabharata.
• The Pinjore Gardens are a Mughal-era garden complex that is located near Chandigarh.
• The Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary that is home to a variety of birds, including flamingos, pelicans, and herons.

Here are some frequently asked questions about climate:

• What is climate?
  Climate is the average weather conditions in a place over a long period of time. It is usually described in terms of temperature, precipitation, and humidity.

• What are the different Types of Climate?
  There are many different types of climate, but some of the most common include tropical, temperate, and polar climates. Tropical climates are warm and wet, temperate climates are moderate, and polar climates are cold and dry.

• What are the factors that affect climate?
  The factors that affect climate include latitude, altitude, ocean currents, and Landforms. Latitude is the distance from the equator, and it affects the amount of sunlight a place receives. Altitude is the height above sea level, and it affects the temperature and pressure of the air. Ocean currents are large bodies of water that flow around the Earth, and they affect the temperature of the air. Landforms, such as Mountains and deserts, can also affect the climate by blocking or channeling the flow of air.

• How does climate change?
  Climate change is the long-term change in the average weather conditions in a place. It is caused by factors such as the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and changes in land use. Climate change can lead to changes in temperature, precipitation, and sea level.

• What are the effects of climate change?
  The effects of climate change can be both positive and negative. Some of the positive effects include longer growing seasons and increased rainfall in some areas. However, the negative effects of climate change are more serious and include rising sea levels, more extreme weather events, and changes in plant and animal life.

• What can we do to reduce climate change?
  There are many things we can do to reduce climate change, such as reducing our reliance on fossil fuels, using renewable energy sources, and conserving energy. We can also make changes to our lifestyles, such as driving less and eating less meat.

• What is the future of climate change?
  The future of climate change is uncertain, but it is likely that the effects of climate change will become more severe in the future. We need to take action now to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the effects of climate change.

1. Which of the following is the capital of Haryana?
   (A) Chandigarh
   (B) Gurugram
   (C) Faridabad
   (D) Hisar

2. Which of the following is the largest city in Haryana?
   (A) Gurugram
   (B) Faridabad
   (C) Hisar
   (D) Rohtak

3. Which of the following is the Official Language of Haryana?
   (A) Hindi
   (B) Punjabi
   (C) Haryanvi
   (D) English

4. Which of the following is the main religion in Haryana?
   (A) Hinduism-2/”>Hinduism
   (B) Islam
   (C) Sikhism
   (D) Christianity

5. Which of the following is the main crop grown in Haryana?
   (A) Wheat
   (B) Rice
   (C) Sugarcane
   (D) Cotton

6. Which of the following is the main river in Haryana?
   (A) Yamuna
   (B) Sutlej
   (C) Ghaggar
   (D) Ravi

7. Which of the following is the main tourist attraction in Haryana?
   (A) Kurukshetra
   (B) Surajkund Mela
   (C) Pinjore Gardens
   (D) all of the above

8. Which of the following is the famous Personality from Haryana?
   (A) Bhagat Singh
   (B) Lal Bahadur Shastri
   (C) Devi Lal
   (D) all of the above

9. Which of the following is the famous food from Haryana?
   (A) Rajma Chawal
   (B) Chole Bhature
   (C) Kadhi Pakora
   (D) all of the above

10. Which of the following is the famous festival in Haryana?
    (A) Dussehra
    (B) Diwali
    (C) Holi
    (D) all of the above