Rajasthani Languages & Literature

 

Rajasthani Languages

• Evolution of rajasthani languages from Shaurseni Prakrit
• Saureni Prakrit is then developed into:-

         Gurjar in western region

         Shaurseni in eastern region (Apram bhasha)

 

Gurjar-

         Maru Gurjar or old Rajasthani

         its common language of Rajasthan and Gujrat

         1st work was Bhrateshwar Bahubali Ghor by Vajrasensuri in 1168 ad

         In 15th century it evolved to Dingal

         Dingal was generally used in ballards and chronicles of warriors heroic deeds in the mewar and Marwar region

Shaurseni-

         It developed in Pingal which is a rajasthani variation of Braj Bhasha

         It was largely used for devotional and erotic poetry

Charans:-

         they preserves the glorious and martial deeds of their patrons

         Khayat- Chronicles

         Vats- Accounts of past events

         Vigats-Gazettes

 

 

Decline of Rajasthani Languages after the British rule was mainly due to following factors:-

         Outdated feudal system

         Growth of Printing press,newspaper and free  discussion was largely discouraged in the princely states.

         Royal patronage to rajasthani was largely discontinued.

         Influence of Hindi

         Growth of Khardi boli

Present status of Rajasthani Languages and their main variations –

         Kamdhari- Nagari script mainly used in administration

         Jain style- Manuscript writing

         Modiya- Used by Trading class

         Shasti- Common people language.

 

 

Rajasthani Dialact

 

The Rajasthani languages belong to the Western Indo-Aryan language family. However, they are controversially conflated with the Hindi languages of the Central-Zone in the Indian national census, among other places. The varieties of the Rajasthani language are:

• Rajasthani :the common lingua franca of Rajasthani people and is spoken by over 18 million people in different parts of Rajasthan.

 

• Marwari: the most spoken Rajasthani in the historic Marwar region of western Rajasthan.

 

• Malvi: Spoken in the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh.

 

• Dhundhari: Spoken speakers in the Dhundhar region of Rajasthan.

 

• Harauti: Spoken in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan.

 

• Mewari: Spoken in the Mewar region of Rajasthan.

 

• Mewati: Spoken in the Mewat region, comprising Haryana and Rajasthan.

 

• Shekhawati: Spoken in the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan.

 

• Bagri: Spoken in northern Rajasthan and northwestern Haryana. There are also speakers situated in southern Punjab.

 

• Nimadi: Spoken in the Nimar region of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.

 

• Other Rajasthani languages are Dhatki, Godwari, Gujari, Gurgula, Goaria and Lambadi.

 

                                     Rajasthani Literature

Rajasthani literature written in various genres starting from 1000 AD. But, it is generally agreed that modern Rajasthani literature began with the works of Surajmal Misrana.His most important works are the Vansa Bhaskara and the Vir Satsai. The Vans Bhaskar contains accounts of the Rajput princes who ruled in what was then Rajputana The Vir Satsai is a collection of hundreds of couplets.Medieval Rajasthani literature is mostly poetry only and it is more about the heroic poetry mentioning of the great kings and fighters of the Rajasthan. Early Rajasthani literature is created by mostly Jain saints. Earlier Rajasthani was known as Maru Gurjar (or dingal), which was close to Gujarati.

Rajasthani Literature can be classified into three categories, which are as follows:-

1. Sanskrit and Prakrit
2. Rajasthani
3. Hindi

 

Sanskrit and Prakrit

 

Major literature of Sanskrit and prakrit developed in Rajasthan are as follows:-

         Shishupal Vadh by poet Magh

         Samaraichcha Katha by Hari Bhadra Suri

         Kuvalaya Mala by Udyotan Suri

         Upmiti Bharva Prancha Katha by Sidhi Rishi

         Harkaili by Vigrah Raj Chauhan IV of Ajmer

         Prithvi Raj Vijay by Prithvi Raj Chauhan

         Geet Goving and Sangeet Raj by Jai deva

         Charan Literature

 

Rajasthani

Major literature of Rajasthani developed in Rajasthan are classified into three styles which are as follows:-

1. Jain- such as Prithvi Raj charit by Manak Chandra
2. Dingal or Charan- like Prithvi Raj Raso by Chand Bardai, Rao Jaitasirau Chhanda by Vithu Sujo Nagarjota.
3. Popular- like Veli Krishna Rukmani by Prithvi raj Rathore, Vansh Bhaskar by Surya Mal, Songs of Meera Bai, Khayal which are dance drama’s

,

Rajasthani is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about 60 million people in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is also spoken in parts of Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh. Rajasthani is a member of the Western Hindi group of languages, and is closely related to Marwari, Mewari, and Bhili.

Rajasthani literature has a long and rich history. The earliest known Rajasthani literature dates back to the 10th century. The most famous Rajasthani poet is Mirabai, who lived in the 16th century. Mirabai was a Vaishnava saint who wrote devotional poetry in Rajasthani. Her poetry is still widely read and sung today.

Rajasthani folk songs are another important

part of Rajasthani culture. Rajasthani folk songs are often sung at weddings, festivals, and other social gatherings. They are usually about love, loss, and the beauty of the Rajasthani landscape.

Rajasthani folktales are also popular in Rajasthan. Rajasthani folktales often feature animals, such as the jackal and the fox. They often teach moral lessons about the importance of honesty, courage, and kindness.

Rajasthani proverbs and sayings are another important part of Rajasthani culture. Rajasthani proverbs and sayings are often used to express wisdom, humor, and common sense. They are often passed down from generation to generation.

Rajasthani culture is a rich and diverse culture. It is a culture that is shaped by the history, geography, and people of Rajasthan. Rajasthani culture is a culture that is proud of its heritage and traditions.

Rajasthani history is a long and complex history. The history of Rajasthan can be traced back to the 6th century BC. The first major kingdom in Rajasthan was the Pratihara dynasty. The Pratihara dynasty ruled over Rajasthan from the 7th century to the 11th century. The Pratihara dynasty was followed by the Chaulukya dynasty, the Solanki dynasty, and the Mewar kingdom. The Mewar kingdom was the last major kingdom in Rajasthan. The Mewar kingdom ruled over Rajasthan from the 13th century to the 19th century.

Rajasthani art is a vibrant and colorful art. Rajasthani art is often inspired by the natural beauty of Rajasthan. Rajasthani art is also often inspired by the history and culture of Rajasthan. Rajasthani art is a popular tourist attraction.

Rajasthani architecture is a unique and beautiful architecture. Rajasthani architecture is often inspired by the Islamic architecture of the Mughal Empire. Rajasthani architecture is also often inspired by the Hindu architecture of the Rajput kingdoms. Rajasthani architecture is a popular tourist attraction.

Rajasthani cuisine is a delicious and flavorful cuisine. Rajasthani cuisine is often made with spices such as turmeric, coriander, cumin, and chili peppers. Rajasthani cuisine is also often made with meat, such as lamb and chicken. Rajasthani cuisine is a popular tourist attraction.

Rajasthani festivals are a vibrant and colorful celebration of the culture of Rajasthan. Rajasthani festivals are often celebrated with music, dance, and food. Rajasthani festivals are a popular tourist attraction.

Rajasthani tourism is a booming Industry. Rajasthan is a popular tourist destination for its history, culture, art, architecture, and cuisine. Rajasthan is also a popular destination for adventure tourism.

Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about Rajasthani languages and literature:

1. What is Rajasthani? Subscribe on YouTube