Ethical Teaching 5

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Ethical teaching

Mahavir jain

Lord Mahavira was the son of Nayas and born to a royal couple in India in 599 B.C. He was the last and 24th tirthankara of Jainism. Though he was born in a royal family and had a comfortable life, he maintained a distance from all worldly possessions from an early age. By the age of thirty, Mahavira gave up his family and kingdom. He lived a tremendously strict life for 12 years as an ascetic. During this period, he even gave up his clothes along with all other worldly possessions. He spent most of this time meditating and achieving self control. He attained omniscience by the age of forty-two, thereby knowing everything about the past, present and future.

Jainism was opposed to rituals. Jainism believed in the possibility of solving the riddle of the universe to attain perfection without the concept of God. Jainism held that it was possible for any human being to realize absolute knowledge and attain absolute bliss through the intense human effort. The faith in self-reliance for achieving perfection was an integral part of Jainism. The Jainism teaches claim that the Jainas only can stand the scrutiny of reason.

The Jainas emphasized that knowledge could be perfected by right conduct. Knowledge without right conduct was mere futile and conduct without right knowledge was blind. The Jainas said that one could achieve complete mastery over oneself by subduing the passions. Emancipation was to be acquired not by observing rituals, prayers and sacrifices but by regulating moral and spiritual discipline. For this reason they attached great importance to the five vows – non-violence (ahiṁsā), truth (satya), non-stealing which implies not to take anything to which one was not entitled (aṣteye), celibacy or abstention from selfindulgence (brahmacharya) and non-possession or renunciation (aparigraha). Non-violence was accorded utmost importance among these principles. The three doctrines of Right faith, Right knowledge and Right conduct which were known as three jewels constituted the foundations of Jainism.

Jainism believes that no overall good of individuals or Society can arise from violence. Jainism teaches that untruth, stealing, taking more than one’s fair share, immoderate pursuit of sensual pleasures and possessiveness are aspects of violence. All these involve passions, mental violence of self and of others.

Jainas are openly hostile in the matter of introducing the supernatural. Jainism believes that man is capable of controlling his own moral life. He can make ethical decisions and find ethical goals without non-human assistance of intervention. Ethical values require that the individual either to make or unmake himself in the world. The soul (individual soul) has a self identity which it preserves even in the ultimate condition. The morality brings about reformation in man’s nature. The conversion of the inner man leads to the way of freedom. Man should attempt to develop the tendency of indifference towards pleasure man holds infinitude in his finitude. The eternal consciousness is within the human experience which is the power that directs all human beings beyond all finite forms.

Although Indian thought considered both spiritual life and rational life as universal, the spiritual life is higher than the latter. Spiritual life is universal since the spirits, even for the schools that accepted their plurality have the same nature. Rational life is universal because reason has the same objective reference according to the understanding of all schools of thought. Indian thought maintains that the essence of man goes beyond even reason; it is Ᾱtman. Several systems of Indian philosophy hold that highest in man is not reason but spirit (Ᾱtman) which is above reason.

Jainism, a religion and philosophy of India, founded in about 6th century BC by Vardhamāna who is known as Mahāvīra (“Great Hero”), the 24th of the Tirthānkarās, (“Fordmakers”), Jainas means Conquerors”, whence the name Jainism, the great religious figures on whose example the religion is centered, in protest against the orthodox Vedic (early Hindu) ritualistic cult of the period. Its earliest proponents may have belonged to a sect that rebelled against the idea of practice of taking life prevalent in the Vedic animal sacrifice.

 

 

Guru Nanak

Guru Nanak was the founder of Sikhism. He was a contemporary of Kabir-2/”>Kabir. He was born in a Khatri family at Talwandi (Nankana Sahib) in the district of Seikhpura in West Punjab, now in Pakistan.

He was sent to school at the age of seven to learn Hindi, Sanskrit and Persian. Different types of miraculous stories are associated with the astonishing wisdom of child Nanak.

Nanak had played a very dominant role in the Bhakti Movement of Medieval India. Both Sufism and Bhakti had contributed to the development of Nanak’s religious philosophy. So his teachings were composite by nature comprising of the noblest principles of Hinduism-2/”>Hinduism and Islam. At the same time he discarded the retrograde Elements of both religions.

Nanak believed in the presence of a soul in every human being. Good actions of a man help the soul to merge with the Eternal soul that is God. Evil actions increase the burden of sin for which the soul cannot rise high and remains in darkness. So each individual must do good and be virtuous to get eternal liberation from the bondage of the world.

hus Nanak’s teachings rested upon two themes—praise of virtues and condemnation of vices. In other words moral conduct and emphasis on moral values constituted the foundation of his teachings.

Like all Sufi saints Nanak was in favour of accepting a guru who would guide the individual in all his conduct. In his own words, “Without guru, nobody can attain God. Under the guru’s instruction, God’s word is heard and knowledge is acquired.” So the presence of a guru is essential for every man for his own spiritual emancipation.

Nanak was very practical in his outlook. He wanted to bring an end to the conflict among various religions. That is why he vehemently rejected the caste system, authority of the Vedas and the Quran and idolatry or image-worship. He never laid any emphasis upon renunciation of the world. Rather he stressed upon upholding moral values and rejection of religious hypocrisy, falsehood, selfishness and violence.

Nanak had both Hindu as well as Muslim disciples. His catholicity of spirit and loving approach aimed at bridging the gap between the two communities by establishing harmony between them. He endeavored towards this end till his death in 1538 A.D.

His mission and teachings were carried on by a line of nine successors who worked devoutly for about a century after his death. His teachings were included in the Adi Granth compiled by the fifth Guru, Arjun Das. It was during the time of later Gurus that the followers of Nanak began to be known as Sikhs – a distinct religious unit.

 


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Introduction to Ethical Teaching

Ethical teaching is the practice of teaching in a way that is consistent with ethical principles. This includes teaching students about ethical issues, helping them to develop their own ethical reasoning skills, and modeling ethical behavior in the classroom.

The Nature of Ethics

Ethics is the study of morality and the principles of right and wrong. It is a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of good and evil, and with the rules that govern human conduct.

Ethical Theories

There are many different ethical theories, each with its own set of principles. Some of the most common ethical theories include:

  • Deontology: This theory holds that actions are right or wrong based on their adherence to a set of rules or duties.
  • Consequentialism: This theory holds that actions are right or wrong based on their consequences.
  • Virtue ethics: This theory holds that actions are right or wrong based on whether they promote or hinder the development of good character.

Ethical Dilemmas

An ethical dilemma is a situation in which there is no clear right or wrong answer. In these situations, it is important to weigh the different Options and choose the one that you believe is the most ethical.

Ethical Decision-Making

Ethical decision-making is the process of making decisions that are consistent with ethical principles. This process involves identifying the ethical issues involved in a situation, gathering information, considering the options, and making a decision.

Ethical Leadership

Ethical leadership is the practice of leading in a way that is consistent with ethical principles. This includes setting a good example, being honest and transparent, and making decisions that are in the best interests of all stakeholders.

Ethical Communication

Ethical communication is the practice of communicating in a way that is honest, respectful, and fair. This includes avoiding deception, manipulation, and coercion.

Ethical Conflict Resolution

Ethical conflict resolution is the process of resolving conflicts in a way that is fair and just. This includes identifying the interests of all parties involved, exploring options, and making a decision that is acceptable to all parties.

Ethical Diversity

Ethical diversity is the recognition and respect for the different ethical beliefs and values of different people. This includes being open to different perspectives, and avoiding Prejudice And Discrimination.

Ethical Globalization/”>Globalization-3/”>Globalization

Ethical globalization is the practice of conducting business in a way that is fair and just to all stakeholders, including workers, consumers, and the Environment. This includes avoiding exploitation, Corruption, and environmental damage.

Ethical Spirituality

Ethical spirituality is the practice of living a life that is consistent with one’s spiritual beliefs. This includes living a life of compassion, forgiveness, and love.

Ethical Education

Ethical education is the process of teaching students about ethical issues and helping them to develop their own ethical reasoning skills. This includes teaching students about different ethical theories, and helping them to apply these theories to real-world situations.

Ethical Research

Ethical research is the practice of conducting research in a way that is fair and just to all participants. This includes obtaining informed Consent, protecting participants from harm, and respecting their privacy.

Ethical Practice

Ethical practice is the practice of conducting oneself in a way that is consistent with ethical principles. This includes being honest and trustworthy, and avoiding conflicts of interest.

Ethical Evaluation

Ethical evaluation is the process of assessing the ethical implications of a decision or action. This includes identifying the ethical issues involved, and considering the potential consequences of the decision or action.

Ethical Accountability

Ethical accountability is the responsibility to answer for one’s actions. This includes being willing to explain one’s actions, and being willing to take responsibility for the consequences of one’s actions.

Ethical Advocacy

Ethical advocacy is the practice of speaking out in support of ethical causes. This includes speaking out against injustice, and working to promote positive change.

Ethical Transformation

Ethical transformation is the process of changing one’s life in a way that is more ethical. This includes identifying one’s ethical values, and making changes to one’s behavior to align with those values.

Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about ethical teaching:

  • What is ethical teaching?
    Ethical teaching is the process of teaching students about the importance of making ethical decisions. It can be done through a variety of methods, such as discussion, role-playing, and case studies.

  • What are the benefits of ethical teaching?
    Ethical teaching can help students develop critical thinking skills, learn how to make Sound decisions, and become more responsible citizens. It can also help them develop a strong sense of moral character.

  • What are some challenges of ethical teaching?
    One challenge of ethical teaching is that it can be difficult to get students to engage in discussions about ethical issues. Another challenge is that there is no one right answer to many ethical questions.

  • What are some Resources for ethical teaching?
    There are a number of resources available for ethical teaching, including books, articles, websites, and Videos. Some of these resources are designed for teachers, while others are designed for students.

  • What are some tips for effective ethical teaching?
    Some tips for effective ethical teaching include:

  • Creating a safe and supportive Learning environment

  • Using a variety of teaching methods
  • Providing students with opportunities to practice making ethical decisions
  • Helping students to develop a strong sense of moral character

  • What are some common mistakes to avoid when teaching ethics?
    Some common mistakes to avoid when teaching ethics include:

  • Lecturing students about ethics

  • Telling students what to think
  • Forcing students to agree with your own views
  • Not providing students with opportunities to discuss ethical issues

  • What are some future trends in ethical teaching?
    Some future trends in ethical teaching include:

  • A focus on developing students’ critical thinking skills

  • A focus on helping students to make sound decisions
  • A focus on helping students to become more responsible citizens
  • A focus on helping students to develop a strong sense of moral character
  1. Which of the following is not a type of ethical teaching?
    (A) Deontology
    (B) Virtue ethics
    (C) Utilitarianism
    (D) Ethical teaching 5

  2. According to deontology, the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its adherence to a set of rules or principles. True or false?

  3. According to virtue ethics, the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its contribution to the development of good character. True or false?

  4. According to utilitarianism, the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its consequences. True or false?

  5. Which of the following is an example of a deontological rule?
    (A) Do not kill.
    (B) Be honest.
    (C) Help those in need.
    (D) All of the above.

  6. Which of the following is an example of a virtue?
    (A) Courage
    (B) Justice
    (C) Wisdom
    (D) All of the above.

  7. Which of the following is an example of a utilitarian principle?
    (A) The greatest good for the greatest number.
    (B) Act in such a way that you treat others as you would want to be treated.
    (C) Do not harm others.
    (D) All of the above.

  8. Which of the following is the most common type of ethical teaching?
    (A) Deontology
    (B) Virtue ethics
    (C) Utilitarianism
    (D) All of the above.

  9. Which of the following is the least common type of ethical teaching?
    (A) Deontology
    (B) Virtue ethics
    (C) Utilitarianism
    (D) All of the above.

  10. Which of the following is the most controversial type of ethical teaching?
    (A) Deontology
    (B) Virtue ethics
    (C) Utilitarianism
    (D) All of the above.