Measures Adopted for Educational Development of socio-economic disadvantaged groups:
Our Constitution has directed the states to promote the educational interests of the weaker sections of the people, particularly of SCs and STs in terms of establishment of and admission to educational institutions and grant from state funds for scholarships, etc. It has thus consciously provided a policy of temporary discrimination for them.
In view of these directions, a provision has been made in all Five Year Plans providing crores of rupees for raising the level of Education among the SCs and STs by opening schools, giving pre-matric and post-matric scholarships, constructing hostels particularly for girls, creating book-banks, mid-day meals, loans to students, coaching centres, houses for teachers and so forth.
Reserving seats in educational institutions including engineering and medical colleges.
Relaxation in age and marks for admission.
Free special coaching to students aspiring for admission to professional courses or preparing for central and state level competitive examinations.
EKLAVYA SCHOOLS
In his budget speech 2018-19, the Finance Minister announced establishment of Eklavya Schools. Details
They are to be established in all Tribal blocks with more than 50% ST Population and at least 20,000 Tribal persons will have Ekalavya Model Residential School (EMRS) by 2022.
Ekalavya schools provide boarding and lodging facilities to tribal students.
They are at par with the Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas (schools aimed at providing high quality education to all students irrespective of their socio-economic backgrounds).
These schools will have special facilities for preserving local art and culture besides providing training in Sports and Skill development
The National Policy on Education, 1986 contemplated the following measures for the education of SCs:
Incentives to SC families to send their children to school regularly till they reach the age of 14.
Pre-matric scholarship scheme for children of families engaged in low occupations (scavenging, tanning, etc.) from class I onwards.
Constant monitoring to ensure enrolment, retention and successful completion of courses.
Recruitment of teachers from SCs.
Facilities in hostels.
Locating schools, Balwadis and Education Centres in such a way as to facilitate full participation of SCs.
Constant innovation in finding new methods to increase participation.
For the STs, besides the above measures, other measures suggested were:
Priority to opening primary schools in the tribal areas.
Devising instructional materials in tribal languages at the initial stages.
Encouraging educated tribals to take up teaching in tribal areas.
Establishing residential schools on a large scale.
For the OBCs, the recommendations in NPE, 1986 were:
Incentives to all educationally backward sections of Society particularly in the rural areas.
Providing institutional Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE in hill and desert districts and in remote and inaccessible areas.
shortcomings and deficiencies in education programmes for the SCs and STs:
Though the number of SC/ST children in primary classes has gradually increased in the last five decades yet a large number of students drop out by the time they pass 5th standard. It is estimated that the percentage of wastage in different states both among SC and ST communities vary from 30 (Himachal Pradesh) to 88 (Manipur). However, wastage among the STs is much higher than that among the SCs.
Ineffective reservations:
All reserved seats are not filled up due to non-availability of the required qualified candidates.
Meagre scholarship:
Money spent on education is much more than the money received as scholarship.
Inadequate facilities:
In softie tribal areas, schools are located in distant places and children find it difficult to reach school. Similarly, adequate hostel facilities are also not easily available.
Frequent absence of teachers in remote areas:
Most of schools in tribal as well as non-tribal areas are one-teacher schools. Teachers are either not willing to be posted in these isolated areas or they remain absent so frequently that students’ education suffers.
Medium of instruction:
Tribal children speak their own dialect while teaching in primary classes is through the state language. This language problem makes students disinterested in their studies as they cannot read the text books written in unfamiliar language.
Cultural and social barriers:
Among many tribals, the custom of marrying daughters at an early age and not permitting daughters-in-law to go for studies acts as a barrier to acquiring education. Moreover, most tribals have a feeling that the educated tribal youths would not respect the traditional norms and values of life.
It may, therefore, be averred that unless tribals are taught both their tribal dialects and state languages, teachers are given incentives for working in isolated areas, single-teacher system is replaced by two or more teacher system, and unless school timings are fixed according to the convenience of the local people, an education will remain inaccessible to the vast majority of SC/ST students. Only especially crafted education policy will fulfill the needs of SCs and STs.
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Educational opportunities for marginalized students are often limited. This can be due to a number of factors, including POVERTY, discrimination, and lack of access to quality schools. As a result, marginalized students are more likely to drop out of school, have lower academic achievement, and experience other negative outcomes.
There are a number of things that can be done to improve educational opportunities for marginalized students. One important step is to ensure that all students have access to quality schools. This means providing adequate funding for schools in low-income areas, hiring qualified teachers, and providing support Services for students.
Another important step is to address the issue of discrimination in education. This can be done through training for teachers and administrators, developing anti-discrimination policies, and monitoring for bias in school practices.
Finally, it is important to provide support for marginalized students and their families. This can include providing scholarships and financial aid, offering mentoring and counseling, and involving parents in their children’s education.
By taking these steps, we can help to ensure that all students have the opportunity to succeed in school and beyond.
One of the biggest challenges facing marginalized students is access to education. Many marginalized students live in areas where there are no quality schools available, or where the schools are overcrowded and underfunded. This can make it difficult for students to get the education they need to succeed.
Another challenge is that marginalized students are often the first in their families to go to college. This can mean that they don’t have the same level of support as other students, and they may not know how to navigate the college admissions process.
Quality of education
Even when marginalized students do have access to education, the quality of that education is often poor. Many schools in low-income areas are overcrowded and underfunded, and they don’t have the Resources to provide a quality education. This can put marginalized students at a disadvantage, and it can make it difficult for them to succeed in school.
Dropout rates
Marginalized students are more likely to drop out of school than other students. This is due to a number of factors, including poverty, discrimination, and lack of support. When students don’t feel like they belong in school, or when they don’t see the value in education, they are more likely to drop out.
Teacher training
Teachers play a critical role in the success of marginalized students. However, many teachers are not prepared to teach students from diverse backgrounds. This can lead to discrimination and bias in the classroom, which can make it difficult for marginalized students to succeed.
Curriculum development
The curriculum in many schools does not reflect the experiences of marginalized students. This can make it difficult for students to see themselves in the curriculum, and it can make it difficult for them to connect with the material.
School infrastructure
Many schools in low-income areas are in poor condition. This can make it difficult for students to learn, and it can create a hostile Environment for students.
Scholarships and financial aid
Marginalized students are often the first in their families to go to college. This can mean that they don’t have the same level of financial support as other students. Scholarships and financial aid can help to bridge the gap and make it possible for marginalized students to attend college.
Mentoring and counseling
Marginalized students often need additional support to succeed in school. Mentoring and counseling can provide students with the support they need to overcome challenges and succeed in school.
Parental involvement
Parental involvement is essential for the success of marginalized students. When parents are involved in their children’s education, it can help to improve student achievement and reduce dropout rates.
Community outreach
Community outreach can help to connect marginalized students with resources and support. This can include providing after-school programs, tutoring, and other services.
Advocacy and policy reform
Advocacy and policy reform can help to improve educational opportunities for marginalized students. This can include working to increase funding for schools in low-income areas, developing anti-discrimination policies, and monitoring for bias in school practices.
By taking these steps, we can help to ensure that all students have the opportunity to succeed in school and beyond.
What are the educational challenges faced by marginalized sections?
Marginalized sections of society face a number of educational challenges, including:
Lack of access to quality education: Marginalized sections often live in remote areas with limited access to schools and other educational resources.
Poverty: Poverty can prevent marginalized children from attending school or from completing their education.
Discrimination: Marginalized children may face discrimination in the education system, which can make it difficult for them to succeed.
Language barriers: Children from marginalized communities may not speak the language of instruction in school, which can make it difficult for them to learn.
Cultural barriers: Children from marginalized communities may have different cultural values and beliefs than the dominant culture, which can make it difficult for them to adjust to school.
What are some of the programs and initiatives that are being implemented to address these challenges?
There are a number of programs and initiatives that are being implemented to address the educational challenges faced by marginalized sections. These include:
Providing access to quality education: Governments and NGOs are working to provide access to quality education for marginalized children, including by building schools in remote areas and providing scholarships for marginalized students.
Addressing poverty: Governments and NGOs are working to address poverty, which can prevent marginalized children from attending school or from completing their education. This includes providing financial assistance to poor families, as well as providing food and other essential services.
Combating discrimination: Governments and NGOs are working to combat discrimination in the education system, which can make it difficult for marginalized children to succeed. This includes raising awareness about discrimination and providing training to teachers and other school staff on how to address it.
Providing language support: Governments and NGOs are providing language support to children from marginalized communities who do not speak the language of instruction in school. This includes providing bilingual education programs and offering language classes to parents.
Respecting cultural differences: Governments and NGOs are working to respect the cultural differences of marginalized communities. This includes providing culturally appropriate education materials and hiring teachers who are familiar with the culture of the community.
What are the challenges and successes of these programs and initiatives?
There have been a number of challenges and successes in implementing programs and initiatives to address the educational challenges faced by marginalized sections. Some of the challenges include:
Lack of funding: Many programs and initiatives lack adequate funding, which can limit their effectiveness.
Lack of coordination: There is often a lack of coordination between different programs and initiatives, which can lead to duplication of effort and wasted resources.
Lack of community participation: There is often a lack of community participation in the design and implementation of programs and initiatives, which can make it difficult to ensure that they are meeting the needs of the community.
Despite these challenges, there have also been a number of successes in implementing programs and initiatives to address the educational challenges faced by marginalized sections. Some of the successes include:
Increased access to education: There has been an increase in access to education for marginalized children, as a result of programs and initiatives such as building schools in remote areas and providing scholarships for marginalized students.
Improved academic performance: Marginalized children have shown improved academic performance as a result of programs and initiatives such as providing quality education and addressing poverty.
Reduced discrimination: There has been a reduction in discrimination in the education system, as a result of programs and initiatives such as raising awareness about discrimination and providing training to teachers and other school staff on how to address it.
Increased cultural awareness: There has been an increase in cultural awareness among teachers and other school staff, as a result of programs and initiatives such as providing culturally appropriate education materials and hiring teachers who are familiar with the culture of the community.
Overall, there have been a number of challenges and successes in implementing programs and initiatives to address the educational challenges faced by marginalized sections. However, there is still much work to be done to ensure that all children have access to quality education, regardless of their background.
Which of the following is not a marginalized section of society? (A) Women (B) Children (C) People with disabilities (D) The rich
Which of the following is the most important thing that can be done to help marginalized sections of society? (A) Provide them with education (B) Provide them with jobs (C) Provide them with housing (D) Provide them with healthcare
Which of the following is the best way to ensure that marginalized sections of society have access to education? (A) Build more schools in poor areas (B) Provide scholarships to students from marginalized sections (C) Hire more teachers from marginalized sections (D) All of the above
Which of the following is the best way to ensure that marginalized sections of society have access to jobs? (A) Provide training programs for people from marginalized sections (B) Create more jobs in poor areas (C) Provide subsidies to businesses that hire people from marginalized sections (D) All of the above
Which of the following is the best way to ensure that marginalized sections of society have access to housing? (A) Build more affordable housing units (B) Provide subsidies to people from marginalized sections to help them buy or rent housing (C) Provide rent control in poor areas (D) All of the above
Which of the following is the best way to ensure that marginalized sections of society have access to healthcare? (A) Build more hospitals in poor areas (B) Provide free or low-cost healthcare to people from marginalized sections (C) Hire more doctors and nurses from marginalized sections (D) All of the above
Which of the following is the best way to reduce discrimination against marginalized sections of society? (A) Raise awareness about the issue of discrimination (B) Pass laws that prohibit discrimination (C) Provide training programs to help people understand and overcome their biases (D) All of the above
Which of the following is the best way to promote social inclusion of marginalized sections of society? (A) Provide opportunities for people from marginalized sections to participate in mainstream society (B) Create a more welcoming and inclusive environment for people from marginalized sections (C) Challenge stereotypes and prejudices about marginalized sections (D) All of the above
Which of the following is the best way to empower marginalized sections of society? (A) Provide them with the resources they need to improve their lives (B) Give them a voice and a platform to share their stories (C) Help them to organize and advocate for their rights (D) All of the above
Which of the following is the best way to achieve Equality for marginalized sections of society? (A) Provide them with the same opportunities as everyone else (B) Treat them with respect and dignity (C) Value their contributions to society (D) All of the above