Division and rebuilding of common Institutions

by

REORGANISATION OF THE STATE OF ANDHRA PRADESH

 

  • Hyderabad in the existing State of Andhra Pradesh, shall be the common capital of the State of Telangana and the State of Andhra Pradesh for such period not exceeding ten years.
  • After expiry of the period Hyderabad shall be the capital of the State of Telangana and there shall be a new capital for the State of Andhra Pradesh.

 

Representation in House of the People

  • On and from the appointed day, there shall be allocated 25 seats to the successor State of Andhra Pradesh, and 17 seats to the successor State of Telangana, in the House of the People, and the First Schedule to the Representation of the People Act, 1950 shall be deemed to be amended accordingly

 

The Legislative Assembly

 

  • The number of seats in the Legislative Assemblies of the States of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, on and from the appointed day, shall be 175 and 119, respectively.
  • Subject to the provisions contained in ARTICLE 170 of the Constitution and without prejudice to section 15 of this Act, the number of seats in the Legislative Assembly of the successor States of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana shall be increased from 175 and 119 to 225 and 153, respectively

 

The Legislative Councils

 

  • There shall be constituted a Legislative Council for each of the successor States consisting of not more than 50 members in the Legislative Council of Andhra Pradesh and 40 members in the Legislative Council of Telangana in accordance with the provisions contained in article 169 of the Constitution.

 

HIGHCOURT

  • On and from the appointed day,––
  • the High Court of Judicature at Hyderabad shall be the common High Court for the State of Telangana and the State of Andhra Pradesh till a separate High Court for the State of Andhra Pradesh is constituted under article 214 of the Constitution read with section 31 of this Act;
  • the Judges of the High Court at Hyderabad for the existing State of Andhra Pradesh holding office immediately before the appointed day shall become on that day the Judges of the common High Court.
  • The expenditure in respect of salaries and allowances of the Judges of the common High Court shall be allocated amongst the States of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana on the basis of Population ratio.
  • Subject to the provisions of section 30, there shall be a separate High Court for the State of Andhra Pradesh (hereinafter referred to as the High Court of Andhra Pradesh) and the High Court of Judicature at Hyderabad shall become the High Court for the State of Telangana (hereinafter referred to as the High Court at Hyderabad).
  • The principal seat of the High Court of Andhra Pradesh shall be at such place as the President may, by notified order, appoint.

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The division and rebuilding of common institutions is a complex and challenging process. It requires careful planning and execution, as well as the cooperation of all stakeholders.

The first step in the process is to divide power. This can be done through a system of Separation of Powers, in which different branches of government are responsible for different functions. This system helps to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.

Another important aspect of the division of power is checks and balances. This system allows each branch of government to check the power of the others, ensuring that no one branch becomes too powerful.

The division of territory is another important aspect of the division of common institutions. This can be done through a system of Federalism, in which power is shared between a central government and regional governments. This system allows for greater local autonomy and can help to prevent conflict between different regions.

Decentralization is another way to divide territory. This system involves delegating power from the central government to local governments. This can help to improve efficiency and effectiveness, as well as promote local participation in decision-making.

Once power has been divided, the next step is to rebuild common institutions. This can be a difficult process, as it requires the cooperation of all stakeholders. However, it is essential for the long-term stability of the country.

One important aspect of rebuilding common institutions is reconciliation. This can be done through truth and reconciliation commissions, which investigate past Human Rights abuses and help to promote healing and forgiveness. National unity governments can also be helpful in promoting reconciliation, as they bring together representatives of different groups in the country.

Reparations can also be used to rebuild common institutions. This can involve individual reparations, which are payments made to individuals who have suffered human rights abuses, or collective reparations, which are payments made to communities that have been affected by conflict.

Institutional reform is another important aspect of rebuilding common institutions. This can involve judicial reform, which aims to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the Justice system, security sector reform, which aims to improve the effectiveness of the security forces, and public sector reform, which aims to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the public sector.

The division and rebuilding of common institutions is a complex and challenging process. However, it is essential for the long-term stability of the country. By carefully planning and executing the process, and by cooperating with all stakeholders, it is possible to rebuild common institutions and promote peace and stability.

In addition to the above, it is important to note that the division and rebuilding of common institutions is a dynamic process. It is not a one-time event, but rather an ongoing process that must be constantly adapted to changing circumstances. As such, it is important to be flexible and adaptable in order to be successful.

Finally, it is important to remember that the division and rebuilding of common institutions is a political process. It is not simply a technical exercise, but rather a process that must be negotiated and agreed upon by all stakeholders. As such, it is important to be aware of the political dynamics at play and to be able to build consensus among all stakeholders.

What is the purpose of the United Nations?

The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights. Due to its unique international character, and the powers vested in its founding Charter, the Organization can take action on the issues confronting humanity in the 21st century, such as peace and security, Climate change, Sustainable Development, human rights, disarmament, terrorism, humanitarian and Health emergencies, Equality/”>Gender Equality, governance, food production, and more.

What are the six principal organs of the United Nations?

The six principal organs of the United Nations are the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the Secretariat.

The General Assembly is the main deliberative organ of the United Nations. It is composed of all 193 Member States of the United Nations. The General Assembly meets in regular sessions every year, and in special sessions when necessary.

The Security Council is responsible for maintaining international peace and security. It has 15 members, five of which are permanent members (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and 10 of which are elected by the General Assembly for two-year terms.

The Economic and Social Council is responsible for promoting international economic and social cooperation and development. It has 54 members, elected by the General Assembly for three-year terms.

The Trusteeship Council was established to oversee the administration of trust territories, which were territories that were not self-governing and were placed under the administration of a trusteeship agreement with the United Nations. The Trusteeship Council completed its work in 1994, when the last trust territory, Palau, became independent.

The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. It settles legal disputes between States and gives advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies.

The Secretariat is the administrative organ of the United Nations. It is headed by the Secretary-General, who is appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.

What are the main achievements of the United Nations?

The United Nations has achieved a great deal in its 75 years of existence. Some of its main achievements include:

  • Preventing or resolving armed conflicts, such as the Korean War, the Gulf War, and the conflict in the former Yugoslavia.
  • Promoting human rights, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
  • Providing humanitarian assistance to people in need, such as refugees, victims of natural disasters, and people affected by armed conflict.
  • Promoting sustainable development, such as the Millennium Development Goals and the Sustainable Development Goals.

What are the challenges facing the United Nations?

The United Nations faces a number of challenges, including:

  • The threat of nuclear proliferation.
  • The rise of terrorism.
  • The spread of infectious diseases.
  • Climate Change.
  • POVERTY and inequality.

Despite these challenges, the United Nations remains an essential organization for promoting peace, security, and development around the world.

Question 1

Which of the following is not a common institution?

(A) The United Nations
(B) The International Monetary Fund
(C) The World Bank
(D) The European Union

Answer
(D) The European Union is not a common institution. It is a supranational union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. The European Union was founded in 1957 with the signing of the Treaty of Rome by Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. The European Union has since grown to include 27 member states, and it has developed a Common Market, a common currency, and a common foreign and security policy.

Question 2

Which of the following is not a goal of the United Nations?

(A) To maintain international peace and security
(B) To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples
(C) To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion
(D) To be a forum for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends

Answer
(D) The United Nations is not a forum for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends. The United Nations is an international organization that was founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights. Due to its unique international character, and the powers vested in its founding Charter, the Organization can take action on the issues confronting humanity in the 21st century, such as peace and security, climate change, sustainable development, human rights, disarmament, terrorism, humanitarian and health emergencies, gender equality, governance, food production, and more.

Question 3

Which of the following is not a function of the International Monetary Fund?

(A) To promote international monetary cooperation, exchange stability, and orderly exchange arrangements
(B) To facilitate the expansion and balanced Growth of international trade, and to contribute thereby to the promotion and maintenance of high levels of EMPLOYMENT and real income and to the development of the productive Resources of all members as primary objectives of economic policy
(C) To promote exchange stability, to maintain orderly exchange arrangements among members, and to avoid competitive exchange depreciation
(D) To provide temporary financial assistance to countries to help them overcome Balance of Payments difficulties

Answer
(C) The International Monetary Fund does not promote exchange stability. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international financial institution that was created on July 22, 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference. The IMF’s stated goal is the promotion of international monetary cooperation, exchange stability, and orderly exchange arrangements. The IMF’s primary purpose is to ensure the stability of the International Monetary System—the system of exchange rates and international payments that enables countries (and their citizens) to transact with each other. The IMF does this by providing loans to countries in financial difficulty, and by giving policy advice to governments.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a goal of the World Bank?

(A) To fight poverty with passion and professionalism for lasting results and to help people help themselves and their Environment by providing resources, sharing knowledge, building capacity and forging partnerships in the public and private sectors
(B) To promote foreign Investment, international trade, and Economic Development
(C) To reduce poverty and improve living standards for people in the developing world
(D) To provide financial assistance to countries to help them overcome balance of payments difficulties

Answer
(D) The World Bank does not provide financial assistance to countries to help them overcome balance of payments difficulties. The World Bank Group is a family of five international organizations that make leveraged loans to developing countries. It is a vital source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries around the world. The World Bank Group comprises two development institutions: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA). The IBRD provides loans to middle-income and creditworthy low-income countries, while IDA provides grants and low- or no-interest loans to the poorest countries. The World Bank Group also includes three specialized agencies: the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID).

Question 5

Which of the following is not a function of the European Union?

(A) To promote economic and social progress throughout the Union for the benefit