Features of Indian Constitution- By Pooja Mam- RAS 2016 Qualified

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The Indian Constitution is the supreme law of India. It was adopted on 26 November 1949, and came into effect on 26 January 1950. The Constitution provides for a parliamentary System of Government with a President as the head of state and a Prime Minister as the head of government. The Constitution also guarantees certain Fundamental Rights to all citizens, including the right to Equality, the right to freedom, the right against exploitation, the right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and the right to constitutional remedies.

The Constitution also contains a number of Directive Principles of State Policy, which are not enforceable by courts, but are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country. These principles include the promotion of Justice, social, economic and political; the securing of all citizens adequate means of livelihood; the promotion of educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, and the protection of the Environment.

The Constitution also provides for a Federal System of Government, with power divided between the central government and the state governments. The central government has power over matters such as defence, foreign affairs, currency and coinage, and railways. The state governments have power over matters such as Education, Health, agriculture, and police.

The Constitution also provides for an Independent Judiciary, with The Supreme Court at the apex. The Supreme Court has the power to interpret the Constitution and to strike down laws that it finds to be unconstitutional.

The Constitution has been amended a number of times since it was adopted. The most recent amendment was the 104th Amendment, which was passed in 2019. The 104th Amendment provides for the introduction of a National Eligibility-cum-Entrance test (NEET) for admission to undergraduate medical and dental courses.

The Indian Constitution is a remarkable document that has served India well for over 70 years. It is a living document that has been amended to reflect the changing needs of the country. The Constitution has helped to make India a vibrant Democracy and a major player on the world stage.

Here are some of the key features of the Indian Constitution:

  • Preamble: The Preamble to the Indian Constitution sets out the aims and objectives of the Constitution. It states that India is a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic.
  • Fundamental Rights: The Fundamental Rights are the basic rights that are guaranteed to all citizens of India. These rights include the right to equality, the right to freedom, the right against exploitation, the right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and the right to constitutional remedies.
  • Fundamental Duties: The Fundamental Duties are the obligations that are imposed on all citizens of India. These duties include the duty to abide by the Constitution and the laws of the country, the duty to respect the National Flag and the National Anthem, the duty to protect and improve the natural environment, and the duty to develop scientific temper and humanism.
  • Directive Principles of State Policy: The Directive Principles of State Policy are the principles that are to be followed by the state in making laws and policies. These principles include the promotion of justice, social, economic and political; the securing of all citizens adequate means of livelihood; the promotion of educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, and the protection of the environment.
  • Citizenship-2/”>Citizenship: The Constitution defines who is a citizen of India. It also provides for the acquisition and termination of citizenship.
  • Union and its Territories: The Constitution divides India into the Union and the territories. The Union consists of the states and the union territories. The territories are administered by the central government.
  • Legislative Powers: The Constitution vests the legislative power of the Union in Parliament and the legislative power of the states in the state legislatures.
  • Executive Powers: The Constitution vests the executive power of the Union in the President and the executive power of the states in the Governors.
  • Judicial Powers: The Constitution vests the judicial power of the Union in the Supreme Court and the High Courts.
  • Emergency Provisions: The Constitution provides for three types of emergencies: a national emergency, a state emergency, and a financial emergency.
  • Amendment Provisions: The Constitution can be amended by a majority of the members present and voting in each House of Parliament. However, certain provisions of the Constitution cannot be amended, such as the provisions relating to the fundamental rights and the directive principles of state policy.
  • Miscellaneous Provisions: The Constitution contains a number of miscellaneous provisions, such as the provisions relating to the Official Language, the national flag, and the national anthem.

Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about the Indian Constitution:

  1. What is the Indian Constitution?
    The Indian Constitution is the supreme law of India. It was adopted on November 26, 1949, and came into effect on January 26, 1950. The Constitution provides for a parliamentary system of government with a President as the head of state and a Prime Minister as the head of government.

  2. What are the features of the Indian Constitution?
    The Indian Constitution is a long and complex document with many features. Some of the key features of the Indian Constitution include:

  3. It is a Written Constitution.

  4. It is a federal constitution.
  5. It is a secular constitution.
  6. It is a socialist constitution.
  7. It is a democratic constitution.
  8. It is a republican constitution.
  9. It is a welfare state constitution.
  10. It is a flexible constitution.

  11. It is a supreme constitution.

  12. Who is the author of the Indian Constitution?
    The Indian Constitution was drafted by a Constituent Assembly, which was set up in 1946. The Constituent Assembly was a body of elected representatives from all over India. The Assembly was chaired by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, who is also known as the “Father of the Indian Constitution”.

  13. What are the basic features of the Indian Constitution?
    The basic features of the Indian Constitution are those features that are essential to the identity and Integrity of the Indian nation. The basic features of the Indian Constitution are:

  14. Sovereignty

  15. Unity
  16. Secularism-2/”>Secularism
  17. Socialism
  18. Democracy
  19. Republic
  20. Federalism
  21. Rule of Law
  22. Judicial Review
  23. Fundamental rights
  24. Directive principles of state policy

  25. Emergency provisions

  26. What are the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Indian Constitution?
    The fundamental rights are the basic rights that are guaranteed to all citizens of India. The fundamental rights are enshrined in Part III of the Indian Constitution. The fundamental rights include:

  27. Right to equality

  28. Right to freedom
  29. Right against exploitation
  30. Right to freedom of religion
  31. Cultural and educational rights

  32. Right to constitutional remedies

  33. What are the directive principles of state policy?
    The directive principles of state policy are the principles that the state should follow in making laws and policies. The directive principles are enshrined in Part IV of the Indian Constitution. The directive principles include:

  34. Promotion of welfare of the people

  35. Secure justice, Liberty, equality and Fraternity
  36. Secure adequate means of livelihood
  37. Equal pay for equal work
  38. Protection of children and Women
  39. Promotion of educational and economic interests of weaker sections
  40. Organisation of village panchayats
  41. Provision for just and humane conditions of work
  42. Promotion of scientific and technological research

  43. Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife

  44. What are the emergency provisions of the Indian Constitution?
    The emergency provisions are the provisions that can be used by the government to deal with extraordinary situations. The emergency provisions are enshrined in Part XVIII of the Indian Constitution. The emergency provisions include:

  45. Proclamation of emergency

  46. Financial emergency

  47. President’s rule

  48. What are the amendments to the Indian Constitution?
    The Indian Constitution has been amended several times since it was adopted in 1949. The first amendment was made in 1951. The latest amendment was made in 2019. The amendments to the Indian Constitution have been made to address various issues and challenges that have arisen since the adoption of the Constitution.

  49. What is the significance of the Indian Constitution?
    The Indian Constitution is a significant document because it provides the framework for the governance of India. The Constitution guarantees the fundamental rights of the citizens of India and also provides for the basic structure of the government. The Constitution is a living document that has been amended several times to address the changing needs of the country.

  50. What is the future of the Indian Constitution?
    The future of the Indian Constitution is bright. The Constitution has been able to withstand the test of time and has emerged as a strong and stable document. The Constitution is likely to continue to be a guiding force for the governance of India in the years to come.

  1. The Indian Constitution is a written constitution.
  2. The Indian Constitution is a federal constitution.
  3. The Indian Constitution is a parliamentary constitution.
  4. The Indian Constitution is a secular constitution.
  5. The Indian Constitution is a socialist constitution.
  6. The Indian Constitution is a democratic constitution.
  7. The Indian Constitution is a republican constitution.
  8. The Indian Constitution is a welfare state constitution.
  9. The Indian Constitution is a flexible constitution.

  10. The Indian Constitution is a supreme constitution.

  11. The Indian Constitution is a written constitution because it is not based on any precedent or custom. It is a complete and comprehensive document that sets out the basic principles and laws of the Indian government.

  12. The Indian Constitution is a federal constitution because it divides power between the central government and the state governments. The central government has power over matters such as defense, foreign affairs, and currency, while the state governments have power over matters such as education, health, and agriculture.
  13. The Indian Constitution is a parliamentary constitution because the head of government is the prime minister, who is elected by the members of the Lok Sabha (the lower house of Parliament). The president is the head of state, but has limited powers.
  14. The Indian Constitution is a secular constitution because it does not recognize any religion as the state religion. All religions are treated equally under the law.
  15. The Indian Constitution is a socialist constitution because it aims to promote economic and social justice for all citizens. The government has a responsibility to provide basic necessities such as food, clothing, and shelter to its citizens.
  16. The Indian Constitution is a democratic constitution because it gives all citizens the right to participate in the government. The right to vote, the right to hold office, and the right to freedom of expression are all guaranteed under the Constitution.
  17. The Indian Constitution is a republican constitution because it does not have a hereditary head of state. The president is elected by the members of Parliament and the state legislatures.
  18. The Indian Constitution is a welfare state constitution because it aims to provide for the welfare of its citizens. The government has a responsibility to provide social security, education, and health care to its citizens.
  19. The Indian Constitution is a flexible constitution because it can be amended by a Simple Majority vote in Parliament. This means that the Constitution can be changed to reflect the changing needs of the country.
  20. The Indian Constitution is a supreme constitution because it is the supreme law of the land. All laws and treaties must be consistent with the Constitution.

Here are some additional facts about the Indian Constitution:

  • The Indian Constitution was adopted on 26 November 1949.
  • The Indian Constitution is the longest written constitution in the world.
  • The Indian Constitution has been amended 104 times since it was adopted.
  • The Indian Constitution is written in Hindi and English.
  • The Indian Constitution is based on the British Constitution.
  • The Indian Constitution is a living document that has been adapted to meet the changing needs of the country.