Modern Period – Later Mughals

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  1707-12Bahadur Shah I1712-13Jahandar Shah1713-19Farukk Siyar1719-48Muhammad Shah Rangila1748-54Ahmad Shah1754-59Alamgir II1759-1806Shah Alam II1806-1837Akbar Shah II1837-57Bahadur Shah II

 

 Later Mughal Rulers
Bahadur Shah IAfter the death of Aurangzeb, prince Muazzam, Azam & Kam Bakhsh fought in
1707-1712which Mauzzam emerged victorious & assumed the title of Bahadur Shah I. Banda
 Bahadur who killed Wazir khanwas defeated by him. Was referred to as ‘Shah-i-
 Bekhabar’.
Jahandar ShahLater after Bahadur Shah’s death, his son Jahandar Shah came to power after killing
1712-13his other brothers with the help of Zulfikar Khan. He made peace with the Jats,
 Shahuji & honoured rajput kings.
Farrukh SiyarNephew  of  Jahandar  Shah,  Farrukh  Siyar  killed  him  with  the  help  of  Sayyid
1713-19brothers – Abdulla Khan (Wazir) & Hussain Ali Khan (Mir Bakshi). Farrukh Siyar
 tried to check the powers of Sayyid brothers but the latter got him killed & crowned
 two princes Raffi-ud-Darajat, Raffi-ud-Daula in quick SUCCESSION. Later they made
 Muhammad Shah (Grandson of Bahadur Shah I) as the king. After his accession the
 Sayyid brothers fell victim to the intrigue of Turani Amirs.
MuhammadDuring his tenure most the independent kingdoms were established: Nizam-ul-Mulk
Shah Rangila(Deccan),  Saadat  Khan  (Awadh)  &  Murshid  Quli  Khan  (Bengal).  Iranian  King
1719-48Nadir Shah invaded in 1739 on invitation of Saadat Khan (Awadh). The latter was
 imprisoned by Nadir Shah for not able to pay the promised ransom. Nadir Shah
 took the peacock throne & the Kohinoor diamond with him.
Ahmad ShahSon of Muhammad Shah. During his reign Ahmad Shah Abdali (claimed himself
1748-54ruler  of  Kandhar  after  the  assassination  of  Nadir  Shah  by  Persian  in  1747)
 repeatedly attacked. Later Ahmad Shah was killed & deposed by his own Wazir
 Imad-ul-Mulk.
Alamgir IIActual name Aziz-ud-din. Frequency of Abdali attacks increased. [1754-59]
Shah Alam II1759-1806
Akbar Shah II1806-1837
Bahadur Shah II1837-57

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The Later Mughals were the rulers of the Mughal Empire in India from the death of Aurangzeb in 1707 to the deposition of Bahadur Shah Zafar in 1857. The period was marked by political instability, economic decline, and social unrest.

Aurangzeb was a powerful and ruthless ruler who expanded the Mughal Empire to its greatest extent. However, his reign was also marked by religious persecution and economic decline. After his death, the Mughal Empire began to decline rapidly. The Later Mughals were weak and ineffective rulers who were unable to control the empire. The empire was also weakened by internal conflicts and external threats, such as the MARATHA EMPIRE and the British East India Company.

The Later Mughals were also unable to prevent the decline of the Mughal Empire’s economy. The empire’s revenue declined due to a number of factors, including the loss of territory, the decline of agriculture, and the rise of Corruption. The Mughal Empire’s economy was also hurt by the British East India Company, which was able to control much of the empire’s trade.

The Later Mughals were also unable to prevent the decline of the Mughal Empire’s social order. The empire’s Society was divided into a number of Social Classes, including the Mughal nobility, the Muslim clergy, the Hindu upper class, and the peasantry. The Mughal nobility was weakened by internal conflicts and the loss of power. The Muslim clergy was also weakened by internal conflicts and the loss of power. The Hindu upper class was able to maintain its power, but it was also affected by the decline of the Mughal Empire’s economy. The peasantry was the most affected by the decline of the Mughal Empire. The peasantry suffered from high taxes, crop failures, and famine.

The Later Mughals were a weak and ineffective dynasty that was unable to prevent the decline of the Mughal Empire. The empire’s decline was caused by a number of factors, including political instability, economic decline, and social unrest. The Later Mughals were unable to control the empire, prevent the decline of the empire’s economy, or prevent the decline of the empire’s social order.

Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about the Modern Period – Later Mughals:

  1. Who were the Later Mughals?

The Later Mughals were the rulers of the Mughal Empire in India from the death of Aurangzeb in 1707 to the deposition of Bahadur Shah II in 1857.

  1. What was the cause of the decline of the Mughal Empire?

The decline of the Mughal Empire was caused by a number of factors, including the death of Aurangzeb, who was a strong and capable ruler; the rise of regional powers; the economic decline of the empire; and the invasion of Nadir Shah of Persia.

  1. Who was the most famous Later Mughal ruler?

The most famous Later Mughal ruler was Aurangzeb, who ruled from 1658 to 1707. Aurangzeb was a powerful and ruthless ruler who expanded the Mughal Empire to its greatest extent. However, his policies alienated many of his subjects, and his reign was marked by religious persecution and political instability.

  1. What was the impact of the decline of the Mughal Empire on India?

The decline of the Mughal Empire had a profound impact on India. The empire’s collapse led to a period of political instability and economic decline. It also allowed for the rise of regional powers, such as the Marathas and the Sikhs.

  1. What were the achievements of the Later Mughals?

The Later Mughals made a number of achievements in the arts, architecture, and literature. They also built a number of impressive buildings, such as the Taj Mahal and the Red Fort.

  1. What were the failures of the Later Mughals?

The Later Mughals failed to maintain the stability and prosperity of the Mughal Empire. They also failed to address the economic problems of the empire.

  1. What was the legacy of the Later Mughals?

The legacy of the Later Mughals is mixed. They were responsible for some great achievements, but they also presided over the decline of the Mughal Empire. Their legacy is still debated by historians today.

  1. What are some of the key events in the history of the Later Mughals?

Some of the key events in the history of the Later Mughals include the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, the rise of regional powers in the 18th century, the invasion of Nadir Shah of Persia in 1739, and the deposition of Bahadur Shah II in 1857.

  1. Who were some of the key figures in the history of the Later Mughals?

Some of the key figures in the history of the Later Mughals include Aurangzeb, Bahadur Shah I, Jahandar Shah, Farrukhsiyar, Muhammad Shah, Ahmad Shah Bahadur, Alamgir II, Azim-ush-Shan, Shah Alam II, and Bahadur Shah II.

  1. What are some of the sources for the history of the Later Mughals?

Some of the sources for the history of the Later Mughals include contemporary accounts, such as the memoirs of the Mughal courtiers and historians, as well as archaeological evidence, such as coins and inscriptions.

  1. The Mughal Empire was founded by:
    (a) Babur
    (b) Akbar
    (c) Jahangir
    (d) Shah Jahan

  2. The Mughal Empire reached its peak under the reign of:
    (a) Babur
    (b) Akbar
    (c) Jahangir
    (d) Shah Jahan

  3. The Mughal Empire declined under the reign of:
    (a) Aurangzeb
    (b) Bahadur Shah I
    (c) Jahandar Shah
    (d) Farrukhsiyar

  4. The Mughal Empire was finally overthrown by:
    (a) The British East India Company
    (b) The Maratha Empire
    (c) The Sikh Empire
    (d) The Afghans

  5. The Mughal Empire was a Muslim empire that ruled over much of India from the 16th to the 18th centuries.
    (a) True
    (b) False

  6. The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur, a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan.
    (a) True
    (b) False

  7. The Mughal Empire reached its peak under the reign of Akbar, who was a great military leader and a tolerant ruler.
    (a) True
    (b) False

  8. The Mughal Empire declined under the reign of Aurangzeb, who was a strict Muslim ruler who persecuted Hindus.
    (a) True
    (b) False

  9. The Mughal Empire was finally overthrown by the British East India Company in the 18th century.
    (a) True
    (b) False

  10. The Mughal Empire left a lasting legacy on Indian culture, architecture, and art.
    (a) True
    (b) False