Evolution of rajasthani languages from Shaurseni Prakrit
Saureni Prakrit is then developed into:-
- Gurjar in western region
- Shaurseni in eastern region (Apram bhasha)
Gurjar-
- Maru Gurjar or old Rajasthani
- its common language of Rajasthan and Gujrat
- 1st work was Bhrateshwar Bahubali Ghor by Vajrasensuri in 1168 ad
- In 15th century it evolved to Dingal
- Dingal was generally used in ballards and chronicles of warriors heroic deeds in the mewar and Marwar region
Shaurseni-
- It developed in Pingal which is a rajasthani variation of Braj Bhasha
- It was largely used for devotional and erotic poetry
Charans:-
- they preserves the glorious and martial deeds of their patrons
- Khayat- Chronicles
- Vats- Accounts of past events
- Vigats-Gazettes
Decline of Rajasthani Languages after the British rule was mainly due to following factors:-
- Outdated feudal system
- Growth of Printing press,newspaper and free discussion was largely discouraged in the princely states.
- Royal patronage to rajasthani was largely discontinued.
- Influence of Hindi
- Growth of Khardi boli
Present status of Rajasthani Languages and their main variations –
- Kamdhari- Nagari script mainly used in administration
- Jain style- Manuscript writing
- Modiya- Used by Trading class
- Shasti- Common people language.
Rajasthani Dialact
The Rajasthani languages belong to the Western Indo-Aryan language family. However, they are controversially conflated with the Hindi languages of the Central-Zone in the Indian national census, among other places. The varieties of the Rajasthani language are:[7]
- Rajasthani :the common lingua franca of Rajasthani people and is spoken by over 18 million people in different parts of Rajasthan.
- Marwari: the most spoken Rajasthani in the historic Marwar region of western Rajasthan.
- Malvi: Spoken in the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh.
- Dhundhari: Spoken speakers in the Dhundhar region of Rajasthan.
- Harauti: Spoken in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan.
- Mewari: Spoken in the Mewar region of Rajasthan.
- Mewati: Spoken in the Mewat region, comprising Haryana and Rajasthan.
- Shekhawati: Spoken in the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan.
- Bagri: Spoken in northern Rajasthan and northwestern Haryana. There are also speakers situated in southern Punjab.
- Nimadi: Spoken in the Nimar region of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.
- Other Rajasthani languages are Dhatki, Godwari, Gujari, Gurgula, Goaria and Lambadi.
,
Rajasthan is a state in northwestern India. It is the largest state in India by area, covering 342,239 square kilometers (132,139 sq mi). The state has a Population of over 73 million people, making it the seventh-most populous state in India. The capital of Rajasthan is Jaipur.
The Official Language of Rajasthan is Hindi. However, there are many other languages spoken in the state, including Rajasthani, Marwari, Mewari, and Bhili. Rajasthani is a Indo-Aryan language spoken by about 50 million people in Rajasthan and other parts of India. It is the second most spoken language in Rajasthan after Hindi. Marwari is a Rajasthani dialect spoken by about 12 million people in Rajasthan and other parts of India. It is the most spoken dialect of Rajasthani. Mewari is a Rajasthani dialect spoken by about 5 million people in Rajasthan and other parts of India. It is the third most spoken dialect of Rajasthani. Bhili is a Rajasthani dialect spoken by about 10 million people in Rajasthan and other parts of India. It is the fourth most spoken dialect of Rajasthani.
Hindi is the official language of Rajasthan. It is the most widely spoken language in the state, with over 60% of the population speaking it as their first language. Hindi is used in government, Education, and the media. It is also the language of inter-state Communication.
English is the second official language of Rajasthan. It is used in government, education, and the media. It is also the language of business and commerce.
There are many other languages spoken in Rajasthan, including Punjabi, Gujarati, Sindhi, and Urdu. These languages are spoken by minority groups in the state.
The language policy of Rajasthan is to promote the use of Hindi and English. The State Government provides financial assistance to schools that teach Hindi and English. The government also provides scholarships to students who study Hindi and English.
Language education in Rajasthan is compulsory for all students up to the age of 14. Students are taught Hindi and English in schools. They can also choose to learn other languages, such as Rajasthani, Marwari, Mewari, and Bhili.
The language and literature of Rajasthan are rich and diverse. Rajasthani Literature is written in the Rajasthani language. It includes poetry, fiction, and non-fiction. Marwari literature is written in the Marwari dialect. It includes poetry, fiction, and non-fiction. Mewari literature is written in the Mewari dialect. It includes poetry, fiction, and non-fiction. Bhili literature is written in the Bhili dialect. It includes poetry, fiction, and non-fiction.
The language and culture of Rajasthan are closely intertwined. The Rajasthani language is used in everyday life. It is also used in literature, music, and art. The Rajasthani culture is rich and diverse. It includes music, dance, art, and architecture.
The language and tourism in Rajasthan are closely linked. Rajasthan is a popular tourist destination. Many tourists come to Rajasthan to experience the culture and history of the state. They also come to experience the natural beauty of Rajasthan. The Rajasthani language is used in tourism. It is used in signboards, menus, and brochures.
The language and development in Rajasthan are closely linked. The Rajasthani language is used in government, education, and the media. It is also used in business and commerce. The Rajasthani language is a tool for development. It is used to communicate with people and to share information.
1. What is the official language of Rajasthan?
The official language of Rajasthan is Hindi.
2. What are the other major languages spoken in Rajasthan?
The other major languages spoken in Rajasthan are Marwari, Mewari, Bhili, and Garasia.
3. What is the dialect of Rajasthani spoken in the capital city of Jaipur?
The dialect of Rajasthani spoken in the capital city of Jaipur is Marwari.
4. What is the main difference between Marwari and Hindi?
Marwari is a Rajasthani language, while Hindi is an Indo-Aryan language. Marwari has a different grammar and vocabulary than Hindi.
5. What are some of the famous Rajasthani writers and poets?
Some of the famous Rajasthani writers and poets include Mahakavi Kumbha, Mirabai, and Keshavdas.
6. What are some of the famous Rajasthani folk songs?
Some of the famous Rajasthani folk songs include “Bajre Ki Roti”, “Ghoomar”, and “Kajari”.
7. What are some of the famous Rajasthani festivals?
Some of the famous Rajasthani festivals include Teej, Pushkar Mela, and Gangaur.
8. What are some of the famous Rajasthani dishes?
Some of the famous Rajasthani dishes include Dal Baati Churma, Gatte ki Sabzi, and Laal Maas.
9. What are some of the famous Rajasthani handicrafts?
Some of the famous Rajasthani handicrafts include block printing, mirror work, and filigree work.
10. What are some of the famous Rajasthani forts and palaces?
Some of the famous Rajasthani forts and palaces include Mehrangarh Fort, Hawa Mahal, and City Palace.
Which of the following is not a language spoken in Rajasthan?
(A) Hindi
(B) Marwari
(C) Punjabi
(D) GujaratiWhich of the following is the official language of Rajasthan?
(A) Hindi
(B) Marwari
(C) Punjabi
(D) GujaratiWhich of the following is the most spoken language in Rajasthan?
(A) Hindi
(B) Marwari
(C) Punjabi
(D) GujaratiWhich of the following is a dialect of Marwari?
(A) Mewari
(B) Dhundari
(C) Gojri
(D) All of the aboveWhich of the following is a tribal language spoken in Rajasthan?
(A) Bhili
(B) Garasia
(C) Mewati
(D) All of the aboveWhich of the following is a non-tribal language spoken in Rajasthan?
(A) Hindi
(B) Marwari
(C) Punjabi
(D) GujaratiWhich of the following is the oldest language spoken in Rajasthan?
(A) Hindi
(B) Marwari
(C) Punjabi
(D) GujaratiWhich of the following is the most recent language spoken in Rajasthan?
(A) Hindi
(B) Marwari
(C) Punjabi
(D) GujaratiWhich of the following languages is spoken by the majority of the population in Rajasthan?
(A) Hindi
(B) Marwari
(C) Punjabi
(D) GujaratiWhich of the following languages is spoken by the minority of the population in Rajasthan?
(A) Hindi
(B) Marwari
(C) Punjabi
(D) Gujarati