<–2/”>a >Man is a social animal. He lives in social groups in communities and in Society. Human life and society almost go together. Man cannot live without society. Man is biologically and psychologically equipped to live in groups, in society. Society has become an essential condition for human life to arise and to continue.
The relationship between Individual And Society is ultimately one of the profound of all the problems of social philosophy. It is more philosophical rather than sociological because it involves the question of values.
Man depends on society. It is in the society that an individual is surrounded and encompassed by culture, a societal force. It is in the society again that he has to conform to the norms, occupy statuses and become members of groups.
The question of the relationship between the individual and the society is the starting point of many discussions. It is closely connected with the question of the relationship of man and society. There is two main theories regarding the relationship of man and society.
Social interactions
Social interaction is the process by which we act and react to those around us. In a nutshell, social interaction includes those acts people perform toward each other and the responses they give in return. Having a quick conversation with a friend seems relatively trivial.
Exchange is the most basic type of social interaction. Whenever people interact in an effort to receive a reward or a return for their actions, an exchange has taken place. Exchange is a social process whereby social behavior is exchanged for some type of reward for equal or greater value. The reward can be material (a paycheck at a job) or nonmaterial (a ‘thank you’ from your coworker). Exchange theorists argue that behavior that is rewarded tends to be repeated; however, when the costs of an interaction outweigh the rewards, individuals are likely to end the relationship.
Cooperation is one of fundamental processes of social life. It is a form of social process in which two or more individuals or groups work together jointly to achieve common goals. Cooperation is the form of social interaction in which all participants benefit by attaining their goals.
Cooperation permeates all aspects of social organisation from the maintenance of personal friendships to the successful operation of international programmes. The struggle for exists forces the human beings not only to form groups but also to cooperate with each other.
Competition as a social process found in every field of human life. Wherever there is interaction among different individuals and groups there is an element of competition. Competition may be called as a struggle between two or more individuals, who are striving to get something which is relatively limited. Whenever the desired goods and Services are in abundance to satisfy the needs of each and every individual, the competition may not exist. For instance, under normal circumstances there is no competition for air, water, sunshine etc., which are the free gifts of nature and available in abundance. But under abnormal circumstances When certain persons are in a desert or sea, there may be competition for getting scarce quantity of drinking water. Thus the underlying factor for competition is the scarcity of certain goods and services which are valued by groups and individuals.
Status and Roles
Most people associate status with the prestige of a person’s lifestyle, Education, or vocation. According to sociologists, status describes the position a person occupies in a particular setting. We all occupy several statuses and play the roles that may be associated with them. A role is the set of norms, values, behaviors, and Personality characteristics attached to a status. An individual may occupy the statuses of student, employee, and club president and play one or more roles with each one.
‘Status’ is the position that an individual is expected to hold in a group or a community; and the behaviour that we expect from the person holding such a person is his ‘role’. Society itself works out into an orderly division of labour by giving different persons different positions in it and assigning to each such position of behaviour that would generally be expected of such person.
Role is the behaviour expected of an individual who occupies a given social position or status. A role is a comprehensive pattern of behaviour that is socially recognized, providing a means of identifying and placing an individual in a society. It also serves as a strategy for coping with recurrent situations and dealing with the roles of others (e.g., parent–child roles). The term, borrowed from theatrical usage, emphasizes the distinction between the actor and the part. A role remains relatively stable even though different people occupy the position: any individual assigned the role of physician, like any actor in the role of Hamlet, is expected to behave in a particular way. An individual may have a unique style, but this is exhibited within the boundaries of the expected behaviour.
Culture and personality
Cultural psychologists have noted that some aspects of personality differ across cultural groups. For example, Americans and Asians have slightly different conceptions of self. American culture promotes a view of the self as independent. American children tend to describe themselves in terms of personal attributes, values, and achievements, and they learn to be self-reliant, to compete with others, and to value their uniqueness.
Many Asian cultures, such as those of Japan and China, promote a view of the self as interdependent. Children from these cultures tend to describe themselves in terms of which groups they belong to. They learn to rely on others, to be modest about achievements, and to fit into groups.
Researchers believe that culture influences aggressiveness in males. In places where there are plentiful Resources and no serious threats to survival, such as Tahiti or Sudest Island near New Guinea, males are not socialized to be aggressive. Culture also influences altruism. Research shows that children tend to offer support or unselfish suggestions more frequently in cultures where they are expected to help with chores such as food preparation and caring for younger siblings.
Socialization
Socialization,“is the process by which social beings establish wider and profounder relationships with one another, in which they become more bound up with, and moa perceptive of the personality of themselves and of others and build up the complex structure of nearer and wider association.”
It is through the process of socialization that the new born individual is moulded into a social being and men find their fulfillment within society. Man becomes what he is by socialization. Bogardus defines socialization as the “process of working together, of developing group responsibility, of being guided by the welfare needs of others.”
According to Green, “Socialization is the process by which the child acquires a cultural content, along with selfhood and personality”.According to Horton and Hunt, “Socialization is the process whereby one internalizes the norms of his groups, so that a distinct “self” emerges, unique to this individual.” H. T. Mazumdar defines socialization as “the process whereby original nature is transformed into human nature and the individual into person.”
Every man tries to adjust himself to the condition and Environment predominantly determined by the society of which he is a member. If he fails to do so, he becomes a social deviant and is brought back into line by the efforts of the group of which he is a member. This process of adjustment may be termed socialization. It is the opposite of individualization. It is a process of the expansion of the self. It develops in him the community feeling.
Socialization may be differentiated from sociality and Socialism. Sociality is a quality, socialization is a process. Sociality may mean the capacity to mix with others, to enter into relations with them easily and comfortably. Man is a socialized animal, though he may not possess very much sociality in the common sense of the term. In the process of socialization one comes to acquire the quality of sociality.
Socialism is a theory, not a quality or a process. It is a theory of future structure of society. So much vagueness surrounds this word ‘socialism’ that it is very difficult to define it in exact terms.
The social order is maintained largely by socialization. Unless the individuals behave in accordance with the norms of the group it is going to disintegrate. But how does the process of socialization begin to work? It is said that the working of the process starts long before the child is born.
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Human relationships are the foundation of our society. They are the ties that bind us together and give our lives meaning. From the moment we are born, we are surrounded by relationships. We have relationships with our parents, our siblings, our extended family, and our friends. As we grow older, we develop new relationships with romantic partners, co-workers, and neighbors. These relationships shape our identity and provide us with support, love, and companionship.
There are many different types of human relationships. Some relationships are based on blood or marriage, while others are based on shared interests or experiences. Some relationships are short-lived, while others last a lifetime. Some relationships are close and intimate, while others are more casual and superficial.
No matter what type of relationship it is, all human relationships require effort and commitment. We need to communicate with our partners, listen to them, and be there for them when they need us. We also need to be willing to compromise and forgive. When we put in the effort, our relationships can be a source of great joy and fulfillment.
However, human relationships are not always easy. There will be times when we disagree with our partners, when we feel hurt or angry, or when we simply don’t understand each other. These are the times when it is most important to remember that our relationships are worth fighting for. We need to be willing to work through our problems and to communicate with each other in a respectful way.
If we are willing to put in the effort, our human relationships can be a source of great joy and fulfillment. They can provide us with love, support, and companionship. They can help us to grow as individuals and to become more understanding and compassionate people. In short, human relationships are essential to our happiness and well-being.
In addition to our relationships with other people, we also have relationships with the natural world. We depend on the environment for our food, water, and shelter. We also find beauty and inspiration in nature. Our relationship with the environment is complex and multifaceted. We can exploit the environment for our own benefit, or we can work to protect it. The choices we make about how we interact with the environment will have a profound impact on our future.
Human relationships are a complex and fascinating topic. There is much that we still don’t understand about how they work. However, one thing is clear: human relationships are essential to our happiness and well-being. They provide us with love, support, and companionship. They help us to grow as individuals and to become more understanding and compassionate people. In short, human relationships are one of the most important things in life.
Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about human relationships:
What is a human relationship?
A human relationship is a connection between two or more people. It can be based on love, friendship, family, or any other shared interest.What are the different types of human relationships?
There are many different types of human relationships, including romantic relationships, friendships, family relationships, and professional relationships.What are the benefits of having strong human relationships?
Strong human relationships can provide us with emotional support, companionship, and a sense of belonging. They can also help us to feel loved and valued.What are the challenges of maintaining strong human relationships?
Maintaining strong human relationships can be challenging, especially as we get older and our lives become more complex. However, it is important to make time for the people who are important to us, even when it is difficult.How can we improve our human relationships?
There are many things we can do to improve our human relationships, such as being open and honest with each other, listening to each other, and being supportive. We can also make time for the people who are important to us, even when it is difficult.
Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about nature:
What is nature?
Nature is the physical world around us, including Plants, animals, and the environment.What are the benefits of spending time in nature?
Spending time in nature can provide us with many benefits, such as reducing Stress, improving our mood, and boosting our immune system.What are the challenges of protecting nature?
Protecting nature is a challenge because we are constantly encroaching on natural habitats. We need to find ways to live in harmony with nature, rather than exploiting it.How can we help to protect nature?
There are many things we can do to help protect nature, such as recycling, conserving water, and reducing our carbon footprint. We can also support organizations that are working to protect the environment.
Sure, here are some MCQs without mentioning the topic Human relationships in the society and in the Nature:
What is the most common type of relationship between two people?
(A) Friendship
(B) Romantic relationship
(C) Family relationship
(D) Work relationshipWhat is the most important thing in a relationship?
(A) Communication
(B) Trust
(C) Respect
(D) LoveWhat is the best way to resolve conflict in a relationship?
(A) Talk about it
(B) Ignore it
(C) Argue about it
(D) Give up on the relationshipWhat is the best way to show your love for someone?
(A) Tell them you love them
(B) Do something nice for them
(C) Buy them gifts
(D) Spend time with themWhat is the best way to deal with a breakup?
(A) Cry
(B) Eat ice cream
(C) Talk to your friends
(D) Move onWhat is the best way to make new friends?
(A) Join a club or group
(B) Talk to people at work or school
(C) Be yourself
(D) Be outgoingWhat is the best way to deal with a friend who is going through a tough time?
(A) Be there for them
(B) Listen to them
(C) Offer to help them
(D) All of the aboveWhat is the best way to deal with a friend who is always negative?
(A) Avoid them
(B) Confront them
(C) Try to help them see the positive side of things
(D) All of the aboveWhat is the best way to deal with a friend who is always borrowing Money?
(A) Lend them money
(B) Say no
(C) Set boundaries
(D) All of the aboveWhat is the best way to deal with a friend who is always gossiping?
(A) Ignore them
(B) Confront them
(C) Tell them to stop
(D) All of the above
I hope these MCQs are helpful!