Major Monuments of Ancient Period

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1.Udaygiri CavesDuring Chandragupta’s reign at Vidisha, M.P.2.Angorwatt TemplesSuryavarman Ii3.Vikramashila UniversityPala King Dharampala4.Kailash Temple (Ellora)Rashtrakuta king Krishna I5.Dilwara TempleTejapala6.Rathas of MamallapuramMahendravarman I (Pallava King)7.Khajuraho templesChandelas8.Martanda temple (Kashmir)Lalitaditya Muktapida9.Gommateswara  (Son of Rishabnath)Chamundaraya, Minister of the Ganga King, Rajamalla(Sravanbelagola, Karnataka)10.Hoysalesvara Temple (at Halebid)Ketamalla, a minister of KingVishnuvardhana (Karnataka)

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The Great Pyramid of Giza is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex bordering present-day Giza in Greater Cairo, Egypt. It is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World that is still in existence. The pyramid was built as a tomb for the Fourth Dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Khufu and was constructed over a 20-year period. It is estimated that the pyramid contains 2.3 million blocks of stone, each weighing an Average of 2.5 tons. The pyramid is 481 feet tall and has a base of 756 feet on each side.

The Sphinx is a limestone statue of a reclining sphinx, a mythical creature with the body of a lion and the head of a human. It is located on the Giza Plateau on the west bank of the Nile River in Giza, Egypt. The Sphinx is the largest monolith statue in the world, standing 241 feet long, 66.6 feet wide, and 62 feet high. It is believed to have been built by the pharaoh Khafre during the Fourth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom of Egypt (c. 2558–2532 BC).

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. They were said to have been built by King Nebuchadnezzar II for his wife Amytis, who missed the green hills and valleys of her homeland. The gardens were said to have been a series of terraces that were planted with trees, shrubs, and flowers. They were also said to have been home to a variety of animals, including lions, tigers, and leopards.

The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus was a temple dedicated to the Greek goddess Artemis. It was located in the city of Ephesus, which is now part of modern-day Turkey. The temple was one of the largest and most important temples in the ancient world. It was destroyed by a mob in 401 AD, but its ruins are still a popular tourist destination.

The Statue of Zeus at Olympia was a statue of the Greek god Zeus. It was located in the Temple of Zeus at Olympia, which is now part of modern-day Greece. The statue was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It was destroyed by a fire in the 5th century AD, but its remains are still on display in the Archaeological Museum of Olympia.

The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus was a tomb built for the Carian king Mausolus and his wife Artemisia II of Caria. It was located in the city of Halicarnassus, which is now part of modern-day Turkey. The mausoleum was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It was destroyed by an earthquake in the 13th century AD, but its ruins are still a popular tourist destination.

The Colossus of Rhodes was a statue of the Greek god Helios. It was located on the island of Rhodes, which is now part of modern-day Greece. The statue was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It was destroyed by an earthquake in 226 BC, but its remains are still on display in the Archaeological Museum of Rhodes.

The Lighthouse of Alexandria was a lighthouse built by the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt. It was located on the island of Pharos, which is now part of modern-day Alexandria, Egypt. The lighthouse was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It was destroyed by an earthquake in the 14th century AD, but its ruins are still on display in the city of Alexandria.

The Parthenon is a temple on the Acropolis of Athens, Greece. It was dedicated to the Greek goddess Athena, who was the patron goddess of Athens. The Parthenon is one of the most important surviving buildings of ancient Greece. It is a Doric temple, which means that it has a simple and elegant design. The Parthenon is decorated with sculptures and reliefs that depict scenes from Greek mythology.

The Acropolis is a fortified citadel located on a rocky outcrop above the city of Athens, Greece. It was the center of ancient Athens and is home to some of the most important buildings of ancient Greece, including the Parthenon, the Erechtheum, and the Temple of Athena Nike. The Acropolis was built over a period of several centuries, beginning in the 5th century BC. It was destroyed by the Persians in 480 BC, but was rebuilt in the following decades. The Acropolis is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Greece.

The Colosseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre, is an oval amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy. Built of concrete and sand, it is the largest amphitheatre ever built. The Colosseum is situated just east of the Roman Forum. Construction began under the emperor Vespa

What are the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World?

The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World were a list of the most impressive man-made structures in the ancient world. The list was compiled by Greek writers and philosophers in the 2nd century BC. The Seven Wonders were:

  • The Great Pyramid of Giza
  • The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
  • The Statue of Zeus at Olympia
  • The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
  • The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
  • The Colossus of Rhodes
  • The Lighthouse of Alexandria

Of the Seven Wonders, only the Great Pyramid of Giza remains standing today.

What are the most famous ancient monuments?

Some of the most famous ancient monuments include:

  • The Great Pyramid of Giza
  • The Colosseum
  • The Parthenon
  • The Great Wall of China
  • The Chichen Itza

These monuments are all impressive feats of engineering and architecture, and they continue to amaze and inspire people today.

What are the most important ancient monuments in the world?

The most important ancient monuments in the world are those that have had a significant impact on history and culture. Some of these monuments include:

  • The Great Pyramid of Giza: The Great Pyramid of Giza is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex bordering present-day Giza in Greater Cairo, Egypt. It is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World that is still in existence.
  • The Colosseum: The Colosseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre, is an oval amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy. Built of concrete and sand, it is the largest amphitheatre ever built. The Colosseum is situated just east of the Roman Forum. Construction began under the emperor Vespasian in AD 72, and was completed in AD 80 under his successor and heir Titus. Further modifications were made during the reign of Domitian (81–96). These three emperors are known as the Flavian dynasty, and the amphitheatre was named in Latin for its association with their family name (Flavius).
  • The Parthenon: The Parthenon is a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their patron. Construction began in 447 BC when the Athenian Empire was at the peak of its power. It was completed in 438 BC although decoration of the building continued until 432 BC. It is the most important surviving building of Classical Greece, generally considered the culmination of the development of the Doric order. Its decorative sculptures are considered some of the finest examples of Greek art. The Parthenon is regarded as an enduring symbol of Ancient Greece, Athenian Democracy and Western civilization, and one of the world’s greatest cultural monuments.
  • The Great Wall of China: The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China to protect the Chinese states and empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe with an eye to expansion. Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC; these, later joined together and made bigger and stronger, are now collectively referred to as the Great Wall. Especially famous is the wall built 220–206 BC by Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China. Little of that wall remains. Since then, the Great Wall has on and off been rebuilt, maintained, and enhanced; the majority of the existing wall is from the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644).
  • The Chichen Itza: Chichen Itza is a large pre-Columbian archaeological site located in the Yucatán Peninsula of Mexico. The site is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Mexico, attracting visitors from all over the world. Chichen Itza was a major center of the Mayan civilization, and it was occupied from the 6th century to the 13th century AD. The site is known for its many impressive ruins, including the Kukulkan Pyramid, the Temple of the Warriors, and the Ball Court. Chichen Itza is also home to a number of cenotes, which are natural Sinkholes that were used by the Maya for religious and ceremonial purposes.

These monuments are all important because they represent different aspects of human history and culture. They are also impressive feats of engineering and architecture.

  1. Which of the following is not a major monument of the ancient period?
    (A) The Great Pyramid of Giza
    (B) The Colosseum
    (C) The Parthenon
    (D) The Taj Mahal

  2. The Great Pyramid of Giza is located in which country?
    (A) Egypt
    (B) China
    (C) India
    (D) Japan

  3. The Colosseum is located in which city?
    (A) Rome
    (B) Athens
    (C) Jerusalem
    (D) Istanbul

  4. The Parthenon is located on which hill in Athens?
    (A) Acropolis
    (B) Areopagus
    (C) Pnyx
    (D) Lycabettus

  5. The Taj Mahal is located in which city?
    (A) Agra
    (B) Jaipur
    (C) Delhi
    (D) Mumbai

  6. The Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex bordering present-day Giza in Greater Cairo, Egypt. It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain largely intact. Built by the Fourth Dynasty pharaoh Khufu, the pyramid was completed in 2560 BC. It is estimated that the pyramid contains 2.3 million blocks of stone, each weighing an average of 2.5 tons. The pyramid is 481 feet tall and has a base of 756 feet on each side.

  7. The Colosseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre, is an oval amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy. Built of concrete and sand, it is the largest amphitheatre ever built. The Colosseum is situated just east of the Roman Forum. Construction began under the emperor Vespasian in AD 72, and was completed in AD 80 under his successor and heir Titus. Further modifications were made during the reign of Domitian (81–96). These three emperors are known as the Flavian dynasty, and the amphitheatre was named in Latin for its association with their family name (Flavius).

  8. The Parthenon is a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their patron. Construction began in 447 BC when the Athenian Empire was at the peak of its power. It was completed in 438 BC although decoration of the building continued until 432 BC. It is the most important surviving building of Classical Greece, generally considered the culmination of the development of the Doric order. Its decorative sculptures are considered some of the finest examples of Greek art. The Parthenon is regarded as an enduring symbol of Ancient Greece, Athenian democracy and Western civilization, and one of the world’s greatest cultural monuments.

  9. The Taj Mahal is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the south bank of the Yamuna river in the Indian city of Agra. It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (reigned 1628–1658) to house the tomb of his favourite wife Mumtaz Mahal; it also houses the tomb of Shah Jahan himself. The tomb is the centrepiece of a 17-hectare (42-acre) complex, which includes a mosque and a guest house, and is set in formal gardens bounded on three sides by a crenellated wall.

  10. The Taj Mahal is widely recognized as “the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world’s heritage”. The tomb is the most popular tourist destination in India, attracting about 8 million visitors a year.