Sustainable and Inclusive Growth:- For RAS RTS Mains Exam

<–2/”>a >The term Sustainable Growth became prominent after the World Conservation Strategy Presented in 1980 by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Brundland Report(1987) define Sustainable Development as the a process which seek to meet the needs and aspirations of the present generation without compromising the ability of the future generation to meet their own demands.

Natural Resources are limited and thus sustainable development promotes their judicious use and put emphasis on conservation and protection of Environment.Global Warming and Climate change has brought the issue of Sustainable development in prominence.

Inclusive Growth is economic growth that creates opportunity for all segments of the Population and distributes the dividends of increased prosperity, both in monetary and non-monetary terms, fairly across Society.Indian Plans after the independence were based on the downward infiltration theory, which failed to bring equitable growth to all the sections of the Indian Society.

Approach paper of 11th five year plan talked about “Inclusive and more faster growth” through bridging divides by including those in growth process who were excluded. Divide between above and Below POVERTY Line, between those with productive jobs and those who are unemployed or grossly unemployed is at alarming stage.

Liberalization-2/”>Liberalization and Privatization after 1990’s have brought the nation out of the hindu growth rate syndrome but the share of growth has not been equitably distributed amongst different sections of Indian Society.

Various dimensions of Inclusive growth are:-

economic
social
financial
environmental

Important issues that are needed to be addressed to achieve the inclusive growth are:-

Poverty
Unemployment
Rural Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE
Financial Inclusion
Balanced regional development
Equality/”>Gender Equality
Human resource development (Health, Education, Skill development)
Basic Human Resources like sanitation, drinking water, housing etc.

Government has launched several programs and policies for Inclusive growth such as:-

MNREGA
Jan Dhan Yojna
Atal Pension Yojna
Skill India Mission
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana
Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana
Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana
Sukanya Samridhi Yojana
Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana
Jan Aushadhi Yojana (JAY)
Nai Manzil Scheme for minority students
The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) or Housing for all by 2022

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Sustainable and Inclusive Growth is a type of economic growth that is both environmentally sustainable and socially inclusive. It is a type of growth that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It is also a type of growth that benefits all members of society, regardless of their income, gender, or social status.

There are a number of factors that can drive sustainable and inclusive growth. These include:

Investment in education and Human Capital: Education and training can help people develop the skills they need to get good jobs and contribute to the economy.
Investment in infrastructure: Infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, and power grids, is essential for economic growth.
Technological innovation: Technological innovation can lead to new products and Services, which can create jobs and boost economic growth.
Pro-poor policies: Pro-poor policies, such as cash transfers and social safety nets, can help to reduce poverty and inequality.
Good Governance: Good governance, such as Transparency and Accountability, can help to attract investment and promote economic growth.

There are a number of challenges to sustainable and inclusive growth. These include:

Climate Change: Climate change is a major threat to sustainable development. It can lead to extreme weather events, such as floods and droughts, which can damage infrastructure and disrupt economic activity.
Inequality: Inequality is a major challenge to inclusive growth. It can lead to social unrest and political instability.
Poverty: Poverty is a major challenge to sustainable development. It can lead to Malnutrition, poor health, and lack of education.
Conflict: Conflict can disrupt economic activity and lead to poverty and inequality.
Corruption: Corruption can lead to waste and inefficiency, which can hinder economic growth.

There are a number of policies that can be used to promote sustainable and inclusive growth. These include:

Investing in education and human capital: Education and training can help people develop the skills they need to get good jobs and contribute to the economy.
Investing in infrastructure: Infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, and power grids, is essential for economic growth.
Promoting technological innovation: Technological innovation can lead to new products and services, which can create jobs and boost economic growth.
Implementing pro-poor policies: Pro-poor policies, such as cash transfers and social safety nets, can help to reduce poverty and inequality.
Strengthening good governance: Good governance, such as transparency and accountability, can help to attract investment and promote economic growth.

There are a number of case studies of sustainable and inclusive growth. These include:

The case of Costa Rica: Costa Rica has achieved high levels of economic growth and social development while also protecting its environment. The country has invested heavily in education and healthcare, and has developed a strong social safety net. Costa Rica has also been a leader in RENEWABLE ENERGY, and has achieved nearly 100% renewable electricity generation.
The case of Rwanda: Rwanda has made significant progress in reducing poverty and inequality since the 1994 genocide. The country has invested in education and healthcare, and has promoted Economic Development through agriculture and tourism. Rwanda has also made progress in gender equality, and has achieved one of the highest rates of female participation in parliament in the world.
The case of Bangladesh: Bangladesh has achieved rapid economic growth in recent decades, while also reducing poverty and inequality. The country has invested in education and healthcare, and has promoted economic development through manufacturing and agriculture. Bangladesh has also made progress in gender equality, and has achieved one of the highest rates of female labor force participation in the world.

Sustainable and inclusive growth is a key goal for many countries around the world. It is a type of growth that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It is also a type of growth that benefits all members of society, regardless of their income, gender, or social status. There are a number of factors that can drive sustainable and inclusive growth, as well as a number of challenges that need to be addressed. However, there are also a number of policies that can be used to promote sustainable and inclusive growth. With the right policies in place, sustainable and inclusive growth can be achieved.

Q1. What is sustainable development?

Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It is a holistic approach to development that considers economic, social, and environmental factors.

Q2. What are the three pillars of sustainable development?

The three pillars of sustainable development are economic development, social development, and environmental protection. These three pillars are interrelated and interdependent.

Q3. What are some of the challenges to sustainable development?

Some of the challenges to sustainable development include poverty, inequality, climate change, and Environmental Degradation. These challenges are interconnected and require a holistic approach to address.

Q4. What are some of the solutions to the challenges of sustainable development?

Some of the solutions to the challenges of sustainable development include investing in education and healthcare, promoting gender equality, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and protecting Biodiversity-2/”>Biodiversity. These solutions require cooperation at all levels, from the individual to the global.

Q5. What is the role of the government in sustainable development?

The government has a key role to play in sustainable development. It can provide Leadership, create policies and incentives, and invest in infrastructure and programs that support sustainable development.

Q6. What is the role of the private sector in sustainable development?

The private sector has a key role to play in sustainable development. It can invest in sustainable technologies, develop sustainable products and services, and promote sustainable practices.

Q7. What is the role of civil society in sustainable development?

Civil society has a key role to play in sustainable development. It can raise awareness, advocate for change, and hold governments and businesses accountable.

Q8. What is the role of individuals in sustainable development?

Individuals have a key role to play in sustainable development. They can make choices that support sustainable development, such as choosing sustainable products and services, conserving energy and water, and recycling.

Q9. What is the future of sustainable development?

The future of sustainable development is uncertain. There are many challenges to overcome, but there is also a growing awareness of the need for sustainable development. If we act now, we can create a more sustainable future for all.

Q10. What are some of the key indicators of sustainable development?

Some of the key indicators of sustainable development include poverty rates, inequality, access to education and healthcare, greenhouse gas emissions, and biodiversity loss. These indicators can help us track progress towards sustainable development.

Which of the following is not a goal of sustainable development?
(A) Economic growth
(B) Social development
(C) Environmental protection
(D) Political stability
Which of the following is not a principle of sustainable development?
(A) Equity
(B) Efficiency
(C) Sustainability
(D) Participation
Which of the following is not a challenge to sustainable development?
(A) Poverty
(B) Inequality
(C) Climate change
(D) War
Which of the following is not a solution to sustainable development?
(A) Economic growth
(B) Social development
(C) Environmental protection
(D) Population control
Which of the following is not a sustainable development goal?
(A) Eradicate poverty in all its forms everywhere
(B) Achieve universal primary education
(C) Promote gender equality and empower all Women and girls
(D) Reduce child mortality
Which of the following is not a sustainable development target?
(A) By 2030, reduce by 50% the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in extreme poverty, currently measured as living on less than $1.90 a day
(B) By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective Learning outcomes
(C) By 2030, eliminate all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere
(D) By 2030, reduce by two thirds the global maternal mortality ratio from its 2015 level
Which of the following is not a sustainable development indicator?
(A) Proportion of population living below $1.90 a day
(B) Proportion of girls and boys enrolled in primary and secondary education
(C) Gender parity index (GPI) for primary, secondary and tertiary education
(D) Maternal mortality ratio
Which of the following is not a sustainable development index?
(A) Human Development index (HDI)
(B) Environmental Performance Index (EPI)
(C) Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)
(D) Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI)
Which of the following is not a sustainable development goal indicator?
(A) Proportion of the population with access to improved sanitation
(B) Proportion of the population with access to electricity
(C) Proportion of the population with access to improved drinking water
(D) Proportion of the population living in urban areas
Which of the following is not a sustainable development goal target?
(A) By 2030, ensure access to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services for all
(B) By 2030, upgrade 100 million slum dwellings
(C) By 2030, provide universal access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable energy for all
(D) By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in Energy Efficiency