Notes and Study material for Exams
Aggregate Demand: The Engine of Economic Growth Aggregate demand (AD) is a fundamental concept in macroeconomics, representing the total demand for all goods and services produced in an economy at a given price level. It is a key driver of economic growth, employment, and price stability. Understanding aggregate demand is crucial for policymakers and businesses … Read more
Here are the subtopics of economics: Microeconomics is the study of the behavior of individual economic agents and small groups. It focuses on the actions of consumers, firms, and governments in particular markets. Macroeconomics is the study of the economy as a whole. It focuses on the aggregate level of economic activity, such as gross … Read more
Emphysema: A Silent Killer in the Lungs Emphysema, a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a progressive lung condition that destroys the tiny air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs. This damage makes it difficult to breathe, leading to shortness of breath, wheezing, and a persistent cough. While often associated with smoking, emphysema can also be … Read more
The Intertwined Threads of Environment and Health: A Global Perspective The environment and human health are inextricably linked. Our planet’s ecosystems provide us with clean air, water, food, and shelter, all essential for our well-being. However, human activities are increasingly degrading these ecosystems, leading to a cascade of environmental issues that directly impact our health. … Read more
The Minamata Convention: A Global Effort to Combat Mercury Pollution The Minamata Convention on Mercury, adopted in 2013 and entering into force in 2017, stands as a landmark international agreement aimed at protecting human health and the environment from the harmful effects of mercury. This treaty, named after the Japanese city where a devastating case … Read more
Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems: Preserving Biodiversity and Cultural Heritage The world’s agricultural landscapes are not just sources of food, but also repositories of biodiversity and cultural heritage. These landscapes, shaped by generations of farmers and their traditional practices, represent a unique blend of nature and human ingenuity. Recognizing the importance of preserving these valuable … Read more
The Kigali Agreement: A Global Effort to Combat Climate Change Through HFC Phase-Down The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, commonly known as the Kigali Agreement, stands as a landmark achievement in the global fight against climate change. This international treaty, adopted in 2016, commits countries to phasing down the production and consumption of hydrofluorocarbons … Read more
India’s Journey Towards Ozone Layer Protection: A Balancing Act of Development and Sustainability The ozone layer, a fragile shield in the Earth’s stratosphere, plays a crucial role in absorbing harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, protecting life on Earth. However, human activities, particularly the release of ozone-depleting substances (ODS), have threatened this vital layer, … Read more
The Montreal Protocol: A Triumph of Global Cooperation in Protecting the Ozone Layer The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, signed in 1987, stands as a landmark achievement in international environmental cooperation. It represents a remarkable example of how nations can come together to address a global threat, leading to a tangible … Read more
The Vienna Convention: A Cornerstone of International Law and Diplomacy The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, commonly known as the Vienna Convention, stands as a cornerstone of international law, shaping the framework for diplomatic relations between states. This landmark treaty, adopted in 1961 and entering into force in 1964, codifies the customary international law governing … Read more