UPSC CAPF

41. Which one of the following judgments declared that the Parliament has

Which one of the following judgments declared that the Parliament has NO power to amend any of the provisions of Part III of the Constitution of India ?

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Kesavananda Bharati vs. State of Kerala
Golak Nath vs. State of Punjab
Champakam Dorairajan vs. State of Madras
Minerva Mills Ltd. vs. Government of India
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The judgment in Golak Nath vs. State of Punjab (1967) declared that the Parliament has NO power to amend any of the provisions of Part III of the Constitution of India (Fundamental Rights).
The Golak Nath judgment held that Fundamental Rights are transcendental and immutable, and therefore not subject to amendment by Parliament under Article 368.
This position was later overturned by the landmark judgment in Kesavananda Bharati vs. State of Kerala (1973), which held that Parliament can amend any part of the Constitution, including Fundamental Rights, but cannot alter the ‘Basic Structure’ of the Constitution. The Champakam Dorairajan case led to the First Amendment concerning reservations. The Minerva Mills case reaffirmed the Basic Structure doctrine and clarified the relationship between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles.

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42. The US President in 2017 has signed an executive order for US withdraw

The US President in 2017 has signed an executive order for US withdrawal from a trade organization of the Pacific region. Identify the organization from the following :

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Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)
Free-Trade Agreement of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP)
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)
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In 2017, the US President signed an executive order for the US withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP).
The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) was a major trade agreement among twelve Pacific Rim countries. The US was a key negotiator and signatory, but President Donald Trump fulfilled a campaign promise by withdrawing the US shortly after taking office in January 2017.
APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) is a forum for member economies to promote trade and investment. FTAAP (Free-Trade Agreement of the Asia-Pacific) is a proposed future free trade agreement. RCEP (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership) is a trade agreement involving ASEAN and its five major trading partners (including China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and New Zealand, but not the US). The US withdrawal in 2017 specifically concerned the TPP, which was subsequently reformed into the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) by the remaining eleven countries.

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43. Which one of the following does NOT pass through the Kaziranga Nationa

Which one of the following does NOT pass through the Kaziranga National Park ?

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The Brahmaputra river
The Diphlu river
National Highway No. 37
Railway track of Indian Railway
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A major Railway track of Indian Railway does NOT pass through the core area of Kaziranga National Park.
Kaziranga National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site famous for its Rhinoceros population. It is bounded by geographical features and infrastructure, including the Brahmaputra River to the north and National Highway 37 to the south.
The Brahmaputra River forms the northern boundary of the park. The Diphlu River is one of the several rivers that flow *through* the park, originating from the Karbi Anglong hills. National Highway 37 runs along the southern boundary and is a significant issue due to animal crossings. While there are railway lines in the vicinity of Kaziranga, they do not pass through the main body of the national park itself, unlike the highway and rivers which directly impact or traverse the park area.

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44. Which one of the following novels won the Pulitzer Prize for the year

Which one of the following novels won the Pulitzer Prize for the year 2017 in the Fiction category ?

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The Goldfinch
All the Light We Cannot See
The Sympathizer
The Underground Railroad
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The novel “The Underground Railroad” by Colson Whitehead won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in the year 2017.
“The Underground Railroad” is a historical fiction novel about a young slave woman named Cora on a Georgia plantation who makes a desperate bid for freedom via the Underground Railroad, which is envisioned in the novel as a literal train system.
The other novels listed won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in different years: “The Goldfinch” by Donna Tartt won in 2014, “All the Light We Cannot See” by Anthony Doerr won in 2015, and “The Sympathizer” by Viet Thanh Nguyen won in 2016.

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45. Which among the following was NOT the provision of the Gandhi-Irwin pa

Which among the following was NOT the provision of the Gandhi-Irwin pact ?

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Immediate release of all political prisoners of the Civil Disobedience Movement
Clause 2 of the March 1931 pact defined 'reservations and safe guards' to cover financial credit of India
The return of confiscated land already sold to third parties
Reservation of 18 per cent seats for Depressed classes
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The statement “Reservation of 18 per cent seats for Depressed classes” was NOT a provision of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact.
The Gandhi-Irwin Pact, signed on March 5, 1931, was an agreement between Mahatma Gandhi and Viceroy Lord Irwin to bring an end to the Civil Disobedience Movement. Its provisions included the participation of Congress in the Second Round Table Conference, withdrawal of ordinances, release of political prisoners (except those convicted of violence), return of confiscated property (except land sold to third parties), and permission to collect salt by the coast.
Statement A reflects the agreement to release political prisoners (though with the caveat of non-violence). Statement B refers to the scope of discussion for the Second Round Table Conference agreed upon in the pact. Statement C is NOT a provision; the pact *specifically excluded* the return of confiscated land already sold to third parties. Statement D pertains to the Communal Award and Poona Pact (1932), which dealt with separate electorates/reservation for Depressed Classes, an issue entirely distinct from the Gandhi-Irwin Pact negotiations. Since the question asks what was *NOT* a provision and D relates to a completely different agreement on a different topic, D is the most appropriate answer.

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46. Which one of the following statements about the Treaty of Allahabad is

Which one of the following statements about the Treaty of Allahabad is NOT correct ?

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It was signed in the year 1765
The Mughal Emperor by a farman formally granted the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the East India Company
Awadh was restored to its Nawab on payment of Rs. 50 Lakhs
Banaras and the Surrounding tracts were detached from Awadh and handed over to Shah Alam II
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The statement “Banaras and the Surrounding tracts were detached from Awadh and handed over to Shah Alam II” is NOT correct regarding the Treaty of Allahabad.
The Treaty of Allahabad was signed in 1765 after the Battle of Buxar. Under this treaty, the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II granted the Diwani (right to collect revenue) of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa to the East India Company. Awadh was returned to Nawab Shuja-ud-Daulah on payment of a war indemnity.
Statements A, B, and C are correct provisions of the Treaty of Allahabad. Specifically, Kara and Allahabad (not Banaras) were detached from Awadh and given to the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II. Banaras remained under the control of the Nawab of Awadh, although it was under the Raja Chet Singh who was a tributary.

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47. Which one of the following statements about Cripps Mission is NOT corr

Which one of the following statements about Cripps Mission is NOT correct ?

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In March 1942, Cripps persuaded War Cabinet to agree to a draft declaration
Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Patel represented Congress to negotiate with the mission
The mission offered Dominion status after the war
The mission offered formation of constitution making body after the war
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The statement that “Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Patel represented Congress to negotiate with the mission” is NOT correct. The Congress representatives who officially negotiated with Sir Stafford Cripps during the Cripps Mission in March 1942 were Jawaharlal Nehru and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.
The Cripps Mission was sent by the British government to secure India’s cooperation in the Second World War. Its proposals included Dominion status for India after the war, formation of a constitution-making body, and the right for provinces to opt out.
Statement A is correct; Cripps did obtain War Cabinet approval for the draft declaration. Statement C is correct; Dominion status was offered. Statement D is correct; the proposal included setting up a constituent assembly after the war. The mission ultimately failed as both Congress and the Muslim League rejected its proposals for different reasons.

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48. Which one of the following cases in the Supreme Court of India dealt w

Which one of the following cases in the Supreme Court of India dealt with the issue of ‘creamy layer’ among the backward classes ?

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K M Nanavati vs. State of Bombay
Indra Sawhney vs. Union of India
Madhu Limaye vs. Ved Murti
Sajjan Singh vs. State of Punjab
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The issue of ‘creamy layer’ among the backward classes was dealt with by the Supreme Court in the Indra Sawhney vs. Union of India case (also known as the Mandal Commission case) in 1992.
In this landmark judgment, the Supreme Court upheld the constitutional validity of reservation for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) but introduced the concept of ‘creamy layer’, stating that the socially advanced members of the OBCs (the ‘creamy layer’) should be excluded from the benefits of reservation.
The judgment also capped the total reservation quota at 50% and stated that reservation in promotions was unconstitutional. The government subsequently enacted laws to implement the ‘creamy layer’ exclusion and later brought in amendments to allow reservation in promotions, which have also been subject to judicial review. The other cases listed deal with different issues: K M Nanavati vs. State of Bombay was a jury trial case; Madhu Limaye vs. Ved Murti involved legislative privileges; Sajjan Singh vs. State of Punjab dealt with the power of Parliament to amend fundamental rights (preceded Golak Nath).

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49. The Ninth Schedule was added to the Constitution of India by the

The Ninth Schedule was added to the Constitution of India by the

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Fourteenth Amendment
First Amendment
Ninety-Third Amendment
Ninety-Ninth Amendment
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The Ninth Schedule was added to the Constitution of India by the First Amendment Act, 1951.
The First Amendment was enacted to address issues related to fundamental rights, particularly the right to property and freedom of speech, which had been challenged in courts.
The Ninth Schedule was created to protect laws placed within it from judicial review on the grounds that they violate fundamental rights. Initially, it included laws related to land reforms. Over time, various other laws were added to it. However, the Supreme Court later ruled that laws placed in the Ninth Schedule after April 24, 1973 (the date of the Kesavananda Bharati judgment) are open to judicial scrutiny if they violate the basic structure of the Constitution.

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50. The Central Vigilance Commission was set up on the recommendation of

The Central Vigilance Commission was set up on the recommendation of

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First Administrative Reforms Com- mission
Gorwala Committee
Kripalani Committee
Santhanam Committee
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The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) was set up in February 1964 by a Government of India Resolution on the recommendations of the Committee on Prevention of Corruption, which was headed by Shri K. Santhanam.
The Central Vigilance Commission was established based on the recommendations of the Santhanam Committee.
Initially, the CVC was an advisory body. It was later accorded statutory status through the Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003. The CVC is the apex vigilance institution free of control from any executive authority, monitoring all vigilance activity under the Central Government.

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