Which of the following statements about Amaranayakas of Vijayanagara are correct?
- 1. The Amaranayakas were military commanders who were given territories to govern by the Raya.
- 2. In lieu of their service and also to maintain their contingents, they were paid in cash.
- 3. They maintained stipulated contingents and elephants.
- 4. They used to send tribute to the king annually and personally appeared in the royal court with gifts to express their loyalty.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1, 2 and 3 only
1, 3 and 4 only
2 and 4 only
1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer is Right!
Answer is Wrong!
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2021
Statement 1 is correct: The Amara-Nayaka system was a key feature of the Vijayanagara Empire. Amaranayakas were military commanders or provincial governors appointed by the Raya (king) who were granted territories (known as ‘amaram’ or ‘amaramagani’) in exchange for their services.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The Amaranayakas were primarily paid not in cash, but through the revenue collected from the territories granted to them. They were allowed to retain a portion of the revenue to maintain their contingents and for their personal expenses, while the rest was due to the king as tribute.
Statement 3 is correct: A major obligation of the Amaranayakas was to maintain a stipulated number of soldiers, horses, and elephants ready for service to the king.
Statement 4 is correct: The Amaranayakas were required to send tribute to the king annually from the revenue of their amaram lands and personally appear in the royal court with gifts to demonstrate their loyalty and allegiance.
– Amaranayakas were military chiefs or governors under the Vijayanagara rule.
– They were granted land (amaram) for their services.
– Their pay was primarily through revenue from the granted land, not cash.
– They maintained troops and were obliged to render military service to the king.
– They paid annual tribute and presented gifts to the king.
Which of the following statements about Akbar are correct?
- 1. In 1560s, Akbar had the Fort of Agra constructed.
- 2. In 1570s, Akbar decided to build a new capital at Fatehpur Sikri.
- 3. Akbar also commissioned a white marble tomb of Shaikh Salim Chishti at Sikri.
- 4. In 1585, Akbar decided to shift the capital back to Agra.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1, 2 and 4
1, 2 and 3
2, 3 and 4
3 and 4 only
Answer is Right!
Answer is Wrong!
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2021
Statement 1 is correct: Akbar began the construction of the Agra Fort around 1565, transforming the existing fort into a major Mughal stronghold.
Statement 2 is correct: In the 1570s, specifically after the birth of his son Jahangir (in 1569) and the victory over Gujarat, Akbar decided to build a new capital city at Fatehpur Sikri, near the khanqah of Shaikh Salim Chishti. Construction was largely completed by the mid-1570s.
Statement 3 is correct: Akbar commissioned the construction of the tomb of Shaikh Salim Chishti at Fatehpur Sikri. While the original tomb was likely sandstone, it was later encased in white marble by Akbar himself, and the entire complex is a significant part of Fatehpur Sikri.
Statement 4 is incorrect: Akbar shifted his capital from Fatehpur Sikri to Lahore in 1585 to oversee the frontier in the northwest and respond to the Yusufzai rebellion. He remained in Lahore until 1598, only returning to Agra later.
– Akbar initiated construction of Agra Fort in the 1560s.
– Fatehpur Sikri was built as a new capital in the 1570s.
– The marble tomb of Shaikh Salim Chishti is located at Fatehpur Sikri and was commissioned by Akbar.
– Akbar moved his capital to Lahore in 1585, not back to Agra.
In which one of the following soils, the salt content is so high that common salt is obtained by evaporating the saline water in some areas?
Peaty soil
Alluvial soil
Laterite soil
Arid soil
Answer is Right!
Answer is Wrong!
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2021
Arid soils are characteristic of dry regions with high evaporation. Due to capillary action, salts from lower layers are brought to the surface, leading to high salinity. In areas with saline arid soils, particularly those with shallow groundwater or proximity to saline water sources, the salt content can be so high that common salt can be obtained by evaporating the saline water collected in pans. This practice is common in Rann of Kutch, which has characteristics of arid soil.
– Arid soils are found in dry climates.
– High evaporation in arid regions leads to salt accumulation on the surface.
– Saline arid soils can be a source of common salt through evaporation.
Which of the following statements about tropical rain forests are correct?
- 1. The soils of tropical rain forests are quite infertile.
- 2. The vegetation is evergreen, enabling photosynthesis to take place year around.
- 3. They have been described as ‘deserts covered by trees’.
- 4. They are most productive land-based ecosystem.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
2 and 4 only
1, 3 and 4 only
1, 2 and 3 only
1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer is Right!
Answer is Wrong!
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2021
The correct answer is D) 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Let’s examine each statement:
1. The soils of tropical rain forests are quite infertile: Correct. High rainfall leads to rapid leaching of nutrients. Rapid decomposition returns nutrients, but they are quickly absorbed by the dense vegetation, leaving the soil itself poor in nutrients, especially mineral nutrients.
2. The vegetation is evergreen, enabling photosynthesis to take place year around: Correct. Tropical rainforests experience high temperatures and rainfall throughout the year, supporting continuous growth and photosynthesis, resulting in evergreen forests.
3. They have been described as ‘deserts covered by trees’: Correct. This phrase highlights the paradox of incredibly lush vegetation growing on nutrient-poor soil, contrasting the high biomass with the low soil fertility, much like how a desert is characterized by poor soil although it lacks the trees.
4. They are most productive land-based ecosystem: Correct. Due to favorable conditions of high sunlight, temperature, and water availability year-round, tropical rainforests exhibit the highest rates of primary productivity among all terrestrial ecosystems.
All four statements accurately describe characteristics of tropical rain forests.
Caves, arches, stacks and stumps are the landscape features of which one of the following?
River
Wave
Limestone
Wind
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Answer is Wrong!
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2021
The correct answer is B) Wave.
Caves, arches, stacks, and stumps are sequential landforms created by the erosional action of waves along coastlines. Waves erode weak points in cliffs, forming sea caves. Over time, two caves on opposite sides of a headland may meet, or a single cave may erode through, forming a sea arch. When the roof of the arch collapses, an isolated pillar of rock, known as a sea stack, is left. Further erosion reduces the stack to a mere stump visible only at low tide.
The price declared by the Government every year before the sowing season to provide incentives to the farmers is called
buffer price
issue price
minimum support price
fair sustenance price
Answer is Right!
Answer is Wrong!
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2021
The correct answer is C) minimum support price.
The Minimum Support Price (MSP) is the price set by the Government of India for certain agricultural produce, to protect the farmer against excessive falls in farm prices during bumper production years. It is announced by the government before the sowing season for certain crops, providing a price guarantee and acting as an incentive for farmers to cultivate those crops. The idea is to ensure a minimum profit for the farmers and encourage crop production.
The widespread deaths due to starvation and epidemics are the characteristics of
famine
poverty
civil war
malnutrition
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Answer is Wrong!
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2021
The correct answer is A) famine.
Famine is defined as a widespread scarcity of food, often accompanied by regional malnutrition, starvation, epidemic, and increased mortality. The conditions described – widespread deaths due to starvation and epidemics – are precisely the defining characteristics and consequences of a famine event. Lack of food leads to starvation, weakening the population and making them highly susceptible to infectious diseases (epidemics), resulting in mass deaths.
How many different words, with or without meaning, can be formed by using the letters of the word COVID?
60
150
100
120
Answer is Right!
Answer is Wrong!
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2021
The correct answer is D) 120.
The word COVID has 5 letters: C, O, V, I, D. All five letters are distinct. To find the number of different words that can be formed by using all the letters, we need to find the number of permutations of these 5 distinct letters. The number of permutations of ‘n’ distinct objects is given by n!.
In this case, n = 5.
Number of words = 5! = 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1.
5! = 20 × 6 × 1 = 120.