Compare and contrast the British and Indian approaches to Parliamentary sovereignty.

Points to Remember: Parliamentary Sovereignty: The supreme authority of the legislature (Parliament) to make and unmake laws. British Model: Unwritten constitution, absolute parliamentary supremacy, limitations through conventions and judicial review (limited). Indian Model: Written constitution, parliamentary supremacy with limitations, judicial review plays a significant role. Key Differences: Nature of the constitution, role of the judiciary, … Read more

Q: “Constitutionally guaranteed judicial independence is a prerequisite of democracy”. Comment.

Points to Remember: Judicial independence’s definition and constitutional basis. Relationship between judicial independence and democratic principles (rule of law, accountability, protection of rights). Challenges to judicial independence (political interference, executive overreach, public opinion). Mechanisms to safeguard judicial independence (appointment processes, security of tenure, budgetary autonomy). Case studies and examples illustrating both successful and unsuccessful protection … Read more

Q: “The states in India seem reluctant to empower urban local bodies both functionally as well as financially.”

Points to Remember: Decentralization of power to Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in India. Functional and financial autonomy of ULBs. State government’s role and reluctance. Reasons for reluctance: political, administrative, and financial. Consequences of inadequate empowerment. Recommendations for improved empowerment. Introduction: The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 mandated the devolution of power and responsibility to … Read more

Q: Explain the significance of the 101st Constitutional Amendment Act. To what extent does it reflect the accommodative spirit of federalism.

Points to Remember: The 101st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2016. Its impact on the Goods and Services Tax (GST). Federal implications of GST. Accommodative spirit of federalism. Power sharing between the Union and States. Introduction: The 101st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2016, is a landmark legislation in India, primarily aimed at introducing the Goods and Services Tax … Read more

Q: Explain the structure of the Parliamentary Committee system. How far have the financial committees helped in the institutionalization of Indian Parliament?

Points to Remember: Structure of Parliamentary Committees in India (Standing, Ad hoc, Joint, Departmentally Related Standing Committees). Role of Financial Committees (Public Accounts Committee, Estimates Committee, Committee on Public Undertakings). Impact of Financial Committees on Parliamentary oversight and accountability. Challenges faced by Financial Committees. Suggestions for improvement. Introduction: The Indian Parliament, a bicameral legislature comprising … Read more

Q: Explain the constitutional perspectives of Gender Justice with the help of relevant Constitutional Provisions and case laws.

Points to Remember: Fundamental Rights guaranteeing equality and non-discrimination. Directive Principles of State Policy promoting gender equality. Judicial pronouncements shaping the interpretation and application of gender justice principles. Limitations and challenges in achieving gender justice. Introduction: Gender justice, encompassing the fair and equitable treatment of all genders, is a fundamental human right. The Indian Constitution, … Read more

Q: Account for the legal and political factors responsible for the reduced frequency of using Article 356 by the Union Governments since mid-1990s.

Points to Remember: Article 356 of the Indian Constitution (President’s Rule) Legal limitations imposed by Supreme Court judgments Political factors influencing its application Shift in political landscape since the mid-1990s Federalism and Centre-State relations Introduction: Article 356 of the Indian Constitution, empowers the President to impose President’s Rule (also known as state emergency) in a … Read more

Q: Who are entitled to receive free legal aid? Assess the role of National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) in rendering free legal aid in India.

Points to Remember: Eligibility criteria for free legal aid in India. NALSA’s role in providing and regulating free legal aid. Challenges faced by NALSA and the free legal aid system. Suggestions for improvement and future directions. Introduction: Access to justice is a fundamental human right, enshrined in Article 39A of the Indian Constitution. This article … Read more

Q: “The Constitution of India is a living instrument with capabilities of enormous dynamism. It is a constitution made for a progressive society.” Illustrate with special reference to the expanding horizons of the right to life and personal liberty.

Keywords: Constitution of India, living instrument, dynamism, progressive society, right to life, personal liberty. Required Approach: Primarily analytical, with elements of factual illustration. Points to Remember: The Constitution’s adaptability to changing societal needs. Judicial interpretations expanding the scope of fundamental rights. The evolving understanding of “right to life” and “personal liberty.” Challenges in balancing individual … Read more

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