UPSC_CS MAINS 2022 Paper III – Page 2

Each year a large amount of plant material, cellulose, is deposited on the surface of Planet Earth. What are the natural processes this cellulose undergoes before yielding carbon dioxide, water and other end products?

Points to Remember: Cellulose decomposition is a complex process involving various microorganisms. Different environmental factors influence the rate of decomposition. The end products are primarily carbon dioxide, water, and other simple organic compounds. Understanding this process is crucial for carbon cycle management and ecosystem health. Introduction: Every year, a vast quantity of cellulose, a complex … Read more

The increase in life expectancy in the country has led to newer health challenges in the community. What are those challenges and what steps need to be taken to meet them?

Points to Remember: Increased life expectancy leads to a rise in age-related diseases. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) become prevalent. Healthcare systems need adaptation to meet evolving needs. Financial implications for individuals and the state are significant. Social support systems need strengthening. Introduction: Increased life expectancy is a significant achievement reflecting improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and nutrition. … Read more

Why is Public Private Partnership (PPP) required in infrastructural projects? Examine the role of PPP model in the redevelopment of Railway Stations in India.

Points to Remember: Definition of PPP: A Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is a collaborative arrangement between a government agency and a private sector entity to finance, build, and operate infrastructure projects. Advantages of PPPs: Reduced financial burden on the government, access to private sector expertise and efficiency, faster project completion, and risk sharing. Disadvantages of PPPs: … Read more

Do you think India will meet 50 percent of its energy needs from renewable energy by 2030? Justify your answer. How will the shift of subsidies from fossil fuels to renewable help achieve the above objective? Explain.

Points to Remember: India’s ambitious renewable energy target of 50% by 2030. Current status of renewable energy in India. Challenges in achieving the target (financial, technological, infrastructural). Role of subsidy shifts in promoting renewable energy adoption. Potential benefits and drawbacks of shifting subsidies. Introduction: India has pledged to achieve net-zero emissions by 2070 and a … Read more

What are the main bottlenecks in upstream and downstream process of marketing of agricultural products in India?

Points to Remember: Upstream bottlenecks: Issues related to production, harvesting, storage, and transportation of agricultural produce. Downstream bottlenecks: Problems in processing, packaging, distribution, marketing, and reaching consumers. Role of technology, infrastructure, and policy in addressing these bottlenecks. Introduction: India’s agricultural sector is crucial to its economy, employing a significant portion of its population. However, the … Read more

Elaborate the scope and significance of the food processing industry in India.

Points to Remember: Scope: Size, employment, contribution to GDP, geographical spread, types of processing. Significance: Economic impact (GDP, exports, employment), social impact (food security, nutrition, rural development), technological advancements, challenges and opportunities. Introduction: The food processing industry (FPI) in India is a vital sector, playing a crucial role in the nation’s economy and social fabric. … Read more

What are the major challenges of Public Distribution System (PDS) in India? How can it be made effective and transparent?

Points to Remember: Inefficiencies in targeting beneficiaries. Corruption and leakages at various levels. Poor infrastructure and logistics. Lack of transparency and accountability. Inadequate storage and transportation facilities. Issues with quality and quantity of supplies. Introduction: The Public Distribution System (PDS) in India is a crucial government program aimed at ensuring food security for the most … Read more

What is Integrated Farming System? How is it helpful to small and marginal farmers in India?

Points to Remember: Definition and components of Integrated Farming System (IFS). Benefits of IFS for small and marginal farmers. Challenges in implementing IFS. Policy recommendations and best practices for promoting IFS. Introduction: Integrated Farming System (IFS) is a holistic approach to farming that integrates different agricultural enterprises on a single farm. It aims to optimize … Read more

Is inclusive growth possible under market economy? State the significance of financial inclusion in achieving economic growth in India.

Points to Remember: Inclusive growth: Economic growth that benefits all segments of society, reducing inequality. Market economy: An economic system driven by supply and demand with minimal government intervention. Financial inclusion: Ensuring access to financial services for all, regardless of socioeconomic status. India’s context: Addressing specific challenges and opportunities in the Indian economy. Introduction: The … Read more

Economic growth in the recent past has been led by increase in labour activity.â Explain this statement. Suggest the growth pattern that will lead to creation of more jobs without compromising labour productivity.

Points to Remember: Labor’s contribution to recent economic growth. Relationship between economic growth and job creation. Growth patterns that prioritize job creation without sacrificing productivity. Policy recommendations for sustainable job growth. Introduction: The statement “Economic growth in the recent past has been led by an increase in labor activity” suggests that a significant portion of … Read more