UPSC_CS MAINS 2022 Paper I

Points to Remember: Impact on communication and interaction within the family. Changes in family roles and responsibilities. Effects on work-life balance and stress levels. Influence on children’s well-being and education. Potential for both positive and negative consequences. Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically accelerated the adoption of “Work From Home” (WFH) arrangements globally. While WFH offered … Read more

Points to Remember: The relationship between Tier 2 city growth and the rise of a new middle class. The role of consumption culture in driving this growth. Economic, social, and infrastructural aspects of this phenomenon. Potential challenges and future implications. Introduction: The rapid urbanization and economic growth witnessed in India over the past two decades … Read more

Points to Remember: Tribal diversity in India is vast, encompassing numerous languages, cultures, and socio-economic conditions. Categorizing tribes as a single entity overlooks crucial internal variations. Specific contexts necessitate a unified approach for policy effectiveness and constitutional safeguards. Balancing the need for a unified approach with the recognition of diversity is crucial. Introduction: India’s tribal … Read more

Points to Remember: Salience of “sect” refers to its prominence and influence in Indian society. Comparison with caste, region, and religion is crucial. Analysis requires examining the interplay and overlapping nature of these social categories. Both historical and contemporary perspectives are needed. Introduction: The term “sect” in the Indian context often refers to sub-groups within … Read more

Points to Remember: The history of state reorganization in India and other countries. Motivations behind reorganization (linguistic, administrative efficiency, political considerations). Consequences of reorganization (positive and negative). Ongoing debates and challenges. Introduction: The political and administrative reorganization of states and territories is a recurring theme in the history of nation-states. Driven by a complex interplay … Read more

Points to Remember: Superior military strategy and tactics of the British East India Company (EIC). Superior weaponry and technology of the EIC. Internal conflicts and divisions among Indian rulers. Effective use of diplomacy and alliances by the EIC. The role of Indian soldiers in the EIC army. Economic and logistical advantages of the EIC. Introduction: … Read more

Points to Remember: Increased tax burden on peasants Commercialization of agriculture Land revenue policies Climate change and environmental factors British administrative policies and lack of famine relief Introduction: Colonial India witnessed a significant increase in the frequency and severity of famines from the mid-18th century onwards. While famines were not unknown in pre-colonial India, the … Read more

Points to Remember: Gupta Period: Flourishing of art, literature, science, and administration; centralized rule; advancements in mathematics, astronomy, and medicine. Chola Period: Maritime power, sophisticated administration, advancements in temple architecture, bronze casting, and literature; decentralized yet efficient governance. Comparison: Highlighting similarities and differences in their contributions to Indian heritage and culture. Introduction: The Gupta and … Read more

Points to Remember: Symbolic representation of power, strength, and royalty. Variations in depiction across different regions and periods. Religious and cultural significance in different contexts. Artistic and architectural expressions. Introduction: The lion (Simha) and the bull (Vrishabha) are two of the most prominent animal figures in Indian mythology, art, and architecture. Their significance transcends mere … Read more

Points to Remember: Medieval Indian temple sculptures depicted various aspects of daily life, social hierarchies, religious beliefs, and artistic styles. Iconography played a crucial role in conveying social messages. Regional variations existed in sculptural styles and representations. The sculptures reflect both the idealized and the realistic aspects of society. Studying these sculptures provides valuable insights … Read more