UPSC_CS MAINS 2022 Paper I

Points to Remember: India Meteorological Department (IMD) uses a color-coded system for cyclone warnings. The system categorizes cyclones based on their intensity and potential impact. Each color represents a different level of severity and associated actions. Timely dissemination of warnings is crucial for effective disaster preparedness. Introduction: Cyclones are devastating natural disasters that pose significant … Read more

Points to Remember: Deccan Trap’s geological formation and extent. Major natural resources found within the Deccan Trap region. Economic significance and utilization of these resources. Environmental considerations and sustainable management practices. Future prospects and potential for further exploration. Introduction: The Deccan Trap, a massive flood basalt province in India, covers a significant portion of the … Read more

Keywords: Wind energy, India, potential, spatial spread, limitations. Required Approach: Primarily factual and analytical, with some elements of opinion-based assessment regarding future potential and policy recommendations. Points to Remember: India’s wind energy potential and current capacity. Geographic distribution of wind resources in India. Factors limiting the spatial spread of wind energy projects. Policy interventions and … Read more

Points to Remember: Major rubber-producing countries and their geographical distribution. Environmental impacts of rubber cultivation: deforestation, biodiversity loss, water pollution, soil degradation, and greenhouse gas emissions. Sustainable rubber production practices and their potential to mitigate environmental issues. Introduction: Natural rubber, a crucial material in various industries, is primarily produced in tropical and subtropical regions. The … Read more

Points to Remember: Straits and isthmuses are geographically significant features impacting international trade routes. Straits offer shorter sea routes, reducing travel time and cost. Isthmuses necessitate canal construction for efficient trade, impacting geopolitical dynamics. Control over straits and canals can influence global trade and power dynamics. Strategic importance necessitates international cooperation and legal frameworks. Introduction: … Read more

Points to Remember: Driving forces of ocean currents: Wind, temperature, salinity, Earth’s rotation (Coriolis effect), and the shape of ocean basins. Impact on fishing: Currents influence the distribution of marine life, impacting fishing grounds and yields. Upwelling currents are particularly important. Global distribution of fisheries: Concentrated in areas with favorable currents. Challenges: Climate change is … Read more

Points to Remember: Troposphere’s proximity to Earth’s surface. Role of temperature gradient in weather phenomena. Influence of atmospheric pressure and moisture content. Significance of air masses and fronts. Impact of human activities on tropospheric processes. Introduction: The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth’s atmosphere, extending from the surface up to an altitude of approximately … Read more

Points to Remember: Primary rocks are igneous and metamorphic rocks formed directly from magma or through the transformation of existing rocks under intense heat and pressure. Igneous rocks are classified based on their mineral composition and texture (intrusive vs. extrusive). Metamorphic rocks are classified based on their parent rock and the degree of metamorphism. Understanding … Read more

Points to Remember: Secularism: Absence of state religion; equal treatment of all religions. Tolerance: Acceptance of different views and beliefs. Assimilation: Process of adopting the dominant culture. Pluralism: Acceptance of multiple groups and perspectives coexisting. Indian Secularism: Unique model distinct from Western models, emphasizing religious freedom and non-interference. Introduction: The question explores the core components … Read more

Points to Remember: Globalization’s impact on resource consumption. Technological advancements and resource efficiency. The role of technology in mitigating resource scarcity. India’s specific context: challenges and opportunities. Sustainable development goals in the context of globalization and technology. Introduction: Globalization, the increasing interconnectedness of nations through trade, technology, and information flows, has profoundly impacted resource utilization … Read more