UPSC_CS MAINS 2021 Paper II

Explain the constitutional provisions under which the Legislative Councils are established. Review the working and current status of Legislative Councils with suitable illustrations.

Points to Remember: Establishment of Legislative Councils is under the purview of the Indian Constitution. Article 168 empowers Parliament to create Legislative Councils. The working of Legislative Councils varies across states. Their current status is a subject of debate regarding their utility and effectiveness. Introduction: The Indian Constitution allows for the establishment of bicameral legislatures … Read more

To what extent, in your view, the Parliament is able to ensure accountability of the executive in India?

Points to Remember: Parliamentary oversight mechanisms. Executive dominance in Parliament. Role of opposition parties. Effectiveness of committees. Judicial review and its limitations. Public opinion and media influence. Introduction: The Indian Constitution establishes a parliamentary system where the executive (the government) is responsible to the legislature (Parliament). This implies that the executive’s actions are subject to … Read more

Analyze the distinguishing features of the notion of Right to Equality in the Constitutions of the USA and India.

Points to Remember: Right to Equality in the US and Indian Constitutions. Distinguishing features: scope, enforcement mechanisms, and historical context. Comparison and contrast of approaches. Potential limitations and challenges. Introduction: The Right to Equality is a cornerstone of democratic societies, guaranteeing fundamental freedoms and preventing discrimination. Both the United States and India enshrine this right … Read more

The jurisdiction of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) regarding lodging FIR and conducting probe within a particular State is being questioned by various States. However, the power of the States to withhold consent to the CBI is not absolute. Explain with special reference to the federal character of India.

Points to Remember: The CBI’s jurisdiction is a complex issue stemming from India’s federal structure. States’ consent is crucial but not absolute. The Supreme Court has played a significant role in defining the limits of CBI jurisdiction. Balancing federal interests with the need for effective investigation is key. Introduction: The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), … Read more

‘Constitutional Morality’ is rooted in the constitution itself and is founded on its essential facets. Explain the doctrine of Constitutional Morality’ with the help of relevant judicial decisions.

Points to Remember: Constitutional Morality: A doctrine ensuring the spirit and values of the Constitution are upheld, even beyond the literal text. Judicial Activism: Courts interpreting the Constitution broadly to protect fundamental rights and values. Balancing Rights: The need to balance individual rights with societal interests. Evolution of Interpretation: How the understanding of Constitutional Morality … Read more