UPSC_CS MAINS 2021 Paper I

Points to Remember: Positive Impacts: Job creation, economic growth, improved infrastructure, increased access to information and services. Negative Impacts: Income inequality, urban sprawl, environmental degradation, social exclusion, skill gaps. Mitigation Strategies: Skill development programs, inclusive growth policies, sustainable urban planning, environmental regulations. Introduction: The development of the IT industry in major Indian cities like Bengaluru, … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition and characteristics of the Gig Economy. Opportunities for women’s empowerment within the Gig Economy. Challenges and limitations faced by women in the Gig Economy. Policy recommendations for maximizing the positive impact of the Gig Economy on women’s empowerment. Introduction: The Gig Economy, characterized by short-term contracts or freelance work rather than … Read more

Points to Remember: Objectives of Population Education: Improving reproductive health, reducing population growth rate, promoting gender equality, empowering individuals, fostering responsible parenthood, and improving the quality of life. Measures for Achievement: Improving access to family planning services, promoting sex education, empowering women, addressing socioeconomic factors, utilizing technology, and strengthening community participation. Introduction: Population education is … Read more

Points to Remember: Mechanisms of continuity in Indian traditional social values. Agents of change impacting traditional values. Balancing tradition and modernity in Indian society. Introduction: Indian society, characterized by its rich tapestry of cultures and traditions, has demonstrated remarkable continuity in its social values over millennia. These values, often rooted in religious and philosophical beliefs, … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition and characteristics of cryptocurrency. Technological underpinnings (blockchain). Global societal impacts (positive and negative). Impact on Indian society (positive and negative). Regulatory challenges and future outlook. Introduction: Cryptocurrency, a digital or virtual currency designed to work as a medium of exchange through a computer network that is not reliant on any central … Read more

Points to Remember: Rise of extremist ideologies (Fascism, Nazism, Communism) Failure of the League of Nations Economic instability and the Great Depression Rise of nationalism and aggressive expansionism Weakening of democratic institutions and values Introduction: The statement “There arose a serious challenge to the Democratic State System between the two World Wars” is undeniably true. … Read more

Points to Remember: Administrative Issues: Disparities in administrative structures, revenue systems, legal frameworks, and personnel. Socio-Cultural Problems: Differing social structures, religious practices, languages, and levels of development leading to resistance and conflict. Integration Process: The process of merging the princely states into the Indian Union after independence. Assessment: Requires a balanced analysis of both challenges … Read more

Points to Remember: Role of Moderates in Indian National Congress Methods employed by Moderates Limitations of Moderate approach Transition to Extremist/Garam Dal Contribution to the rise of wider freedom movement Introduction: The Indian National Congress (INC), founded in 1885, initially comprised predominantly of Moderates. Their approach, characterized by constitutional methods and appeals to the British … Read more

Points to Remember: Key figures and their contributions within Young Bengal and Brahmo Samaj. Socio-political context of 19th-century India influencing these movements. Similarities and differences in the approaches of Young Bengal and Brahmo Samaj. Impact of these movements on Indian society and subsequent reform movements. Limitations and criticisms of these movements. Introduction: The 19th century … Read more

Points to Remember: Constructive Programmes: Focus on Gandhi’s positive initiatives alongside the movements. Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22): Emphasis on self-reliance and Swadeshi. Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-34): Expansion of constructive work to encompass social reform. Holistic Approach: Highlight the interconnectedness of political action and social change. Introduction: Mahatma Gandhi’s leadership during the Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience Movements … Read more