UPSC_CS MAINS 2019 Paper II

What can France learn from the Indian Constitution’s approach to secularism?

Points to Remember: Indian secularism’s unique features: positive secularism, emphasis on religious neutrality of the state, and protection of minority rights. French secularism’s historical context and current challenges: laïcité, its potential for exclusion, and debates surrounding religious expression. Areas of potential learning: balancing state neutrality with minority protection, addressing religious discrimination, and promoting social harmony. … Read more

Do you think that constitution of India does not accept principle of strict separation of powers rather it is based on the principle of ‘checks and balance’? Explain.

Points to Remember: Indian Constitution’s structure Separation of powers vs. checks and balances Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches’ roles Mechanisms of checks and balances in the Indian Constitution Examples of checks and balances in action Introduction: The Indian Constitution, unlike some others that strictly adhere to the principle of separation of powers, adopts a system … Read more

From the resolution of contentious issues regarding distribution of legislative powers by the courts, ‘Principle of Federal Supremacy’ and ‘Harmonious Construction’ have emerged. Explain.

Points to Remember: Principle of Federal Supremacy Harmonious Construction Judicial Resolution of Inter-governmental Disputes Distribution of Legislative Powers Indian Federalism Introduction: India operates under a quasi-federal system, where the distribution of legislative powers between the Union and the States is enshrined in the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution. However, the precise demarcation of these powers … Read more

“Parliament’s power to amend the Constitution is a limited power and it cannot be enlarged into absolute power.” In the light of this statement explain whether Parliament under Article 368 of the Constitution can destroy the Basic Structure of the Constitution by expanding its amending power?

Points to Remember: Article 368: Deals with the power of Parliament to amend the Constitution. Basic Structure Doctrine: Judicial limitation on Parliament’s amending power. Limited vs. Absolute Power: The inherent constraints on Parliament’s constitutional amendment authority. Kesavananda Bharati Case: Landmark Supreme Court judgment establishing the Basic Structure Doctrine. Introduction: The statement “Parliament’s power to amend … Read more

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