UPSC_CS MAINS 2018 Paper IV

“Falsehood takes the place of truth when it results in unblemished common good.”-Tirukkural

Keywords: Falsehood, truth, common good, Tirukkural, ethical dilemma. Required Approach: Analytical and ethical. The question requires an analysis of the ethical implications of prioritizing the common good over truth-telling, drawing on the philosophical perspective presented in the Tirukkural quote. Points to Remember: The inherent conflict between truth and the common good. The potential justifications for … Read more

“An unexamined life is not worth living.”–Socrates

Points to Remember: Socrates’s famous quote emphasizes the importance of self-reflection and critical thinking. Examining one’s life involves introspection, moral reasoning, and a pursuit of knowledge. The quote’s implications extend to individual well-being, societal progress, and ethical decision-making. Counterarguments exist, acknowledging the value of lives lived instinctively or focused on action rather than constant introspection. … Read more

“In looking for people to hire, you look for three qualities: integrity, intelligence and energy. And if they do not have the first, the other two will kill you.”–Warren Buffett. What do you understand by this statement in the present-day scenario? Explain.

Points to Remember: Integrity as the foundational quality for employees. The destructive potential of intelligence and energy without integrity. The relevance of Buffett’s statement in today’s business environment. The importance of ethical considerations in hiring decisions. Introduction: Warren Buffett’s quote, “In looking for people to hire, you look for three qualities: integrity, intelligence, and energy. … Read more

“In doing a good thing, everything is permitted which is not prohibited expressly or by clear implication”. Examine the statement with suitable examples in the context of a public servant discharging his/her duties.

Points to Remember: The statement reflects a principle of permissible action within a defined ethical framework. Public servants operate within a complex web of laws, regulations, and ethical guidelines. Balancing proactive service with adherence to rules is crucial. Exceptions and ambiguities necessitate careful judgment and ethical considerations. Introduction: The statement “In doing a good thing, … Read more

“The true rule, in determining to embrace, or reject anything, is not whether it has any evil in it; but whether it has more evil than good. There are few things wholly evil or wholly good. Almost everything,especially of governmental policy, is an inseparable compound of the two; so that our best judgement of the preponderance between them is continually demanded.”-Abraham Lincoln.

Points to Remember: Lincoln’s quote emphasizes a cost-benefit analysis approach to decision-making, particularly in government policy. The focus should be on evaluating the net benefit (good minus evil) rather than the presence of any evil at all. Most policies are inherently mixed, containing both positive and negative consequences. The challenge lies in objectively assessing the … Read more

Anger and intolerance are the enemies of correct understanding. “-Mahatma Gandhi

Points to Remember: The inherent link between anger, intolerance, and impaired understanding. The impact of anger and intolerance on individual and societal levels. Strategies for mitigating anger and fostering tolerance. The role of education and empathy in promoting understanding. Introduction: Mahatma Gandhi’s quote, “Anger and intolerance are the enemies of correct understanding,” encapsulates a profound … Read more

“The Right to Information Act is not all about citizens’ empowerment alone, it essentially redefines the concept of accountability. Discuss.

Points to Remember: The Right to Information (RTI) Act’s impact on citizen empowerment. The RTI Act’s role in enhancing government accountability. Limitations and challenges in the implementation of the RTI Act. Suggestions for strengthening the RTI Act and its effectiveness. Introduction: The Right to Information Act, 2005 (RTI Act) is a landmark legislation in India, … Read more

What is mean by conflict of interest? Illustrate with examples, the difference between the actual and potential conflicts of interest. (150 words, 10 marks) 2018

Points to Remember: Definition of conflict of interest. Distinction between actual and potential conflicts. Examples illustrating the difference. Introduction: A conflict of interest (COI) arises when an individual’s personal interests, or those of their close relations, could improperly influence their professional judgment or actions. This compromises objectivity and impartiality, potentially leading to unethical or illegal … Read more

Explain the process of resolving ethical dilemmas in Public Administration.

Points to Remember: Ethical dilemmas are situations where public administrators face conflicting values or obligations. Resolution requires a systematic approach involving identifying the dilemma, gathering information, considering options, and making a decision. Transparency, accountability, and fairness are crucial throughout the process. Organizational culture and leadership play a significant role in shaping ethical conduct. Introduction: Ethical … Read more

Suppose the Government of India is thinking of constructing a dam in a mountain valley bond by forest sand inhabited by ethnic communities. What rational policy should it resort to in dealing with unforeseen contingencies.

Keywords: Government of India, dam construction, mountain valley, forest, ethnic communities, unforeseen contingencies, rational policy. Required Approach: Analytical, with elements of factual information and policy recommendations. Points to Remember: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Social Impact Assessment (SIA) Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) Displacement and Rehabilitation Sustainable Development Conflict Resolution Mechanisms Introduction: The construction of … Read more

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