UPSC_CS MAINS 2017 Paper I – Page 2

Distinguish between religiousness/religiosity and communalism giving one example of how the former has got transformed into the latter in independent India.

Points to Remember: Religiosity: Individual or group adherence to religious beliefs and practices. Communalism: The use of religious identity for political mobilization, often leading to conflict and discrimination. Transformation: The process by which religious sentiments are manipulated and exploited to create communal tensions. Introduction: The terms “religiousness/religiosity” and “communalism” are often conflated, but they represent … Read more

âThe growth of cities as I.T. hubs has opened up new avenues of employment, but has also created new problemsâ. Substantiate this statement with examples.

Points to Remember: The dual nature of urban IT hub growth: job creation vs. new challenges. Examples of positive impacts (employment, economic growth). Examples of negative impacts (inequality, infrastructure strain, environmental concerns). Balanced perspective acknowledging both benefits and drawbacks. Policy recommendations for sustainable urban development. Introduction: The rapid growth of cities as Information Technology (IT) … Read more

What problems are germane to the decolonization process in the Malay Peninsula?

Points to Remember: Political complexities: The legacy of colonial rule and the subsequent formation of Malaysia. Economic disparities: Uneven distribution of wealth and resources. Social divisions: Ethnic tensions and competing narratives of national identity. Cultural impacts: Preservation of indigenous cultures versus the dominance of Malay culture. Land rights: Issues surrounding land ownership and indigenous claims. … Read more

What are the two major legal initiatives by the State since Independence addressing discrimination against Scheduled Tribes (STs)?

Points to Remember: Two major legal initiatives post-Independence combating ST discrimination. Focus on the legal aspects and their impact. Balanced assessment of successes and shortcomings. Introduction: India’s Constitution, adopted in 1950, enshrined the principle of equality and prohibited discrimination based on caste, creed, religion, or race. However, historical injustices faced by Scheduled Tribes (STs) necessitated … Read more

Highlight the importance of the new objectives that got added to the vision of Indian Independence since the twenties of the last century.

Points to Remember: Evolution of Indian Independence vision: From self-rule to social justice and economic equality. Key figures and their contributions: Gandhi, Nehru, Ambedkar, etc. Impact of socio-political movements: Civil Disobedience, peasant movements, labour movements. New objectives: Social justice, economic equality, secularism, and democratic governance. Challenges in achieving these objectives: Caste discrimination, poverty, communalism. Introduction: … Read more

Clarify how mid-eighteenth-century India was beset with the spectre of a fragmented polity.

Points to Remember: Political fragmentation of India in the mid-18th century. Rise of regional powers and weakening of the Mughal Empire. Impact of Maratha expansion and other regional players. Internal conflicts and lack of centralized authority. Consequences of fragmentation on the socio-economic fabric. Introduction: The mid-eighteenth century in India witnessed a dramatic shift in its … Read more

Why did the âModeratesâ failed to carry conviction with the nation about their proclaimed ideology and political goals by the end of the nineteenth century?

Keywords: Moderates, Indian National Congress, 19th Century, Political Goals, Failure, Conviction. Required Approach: Primarily analytical, with elements of factual recounting. Points to Remember: Limited mass appeal of Moderate ideology. Differences in approach within the Moderate camp itself. Growing nationalist sentiment demanding swifter action. Ineffectiveness of constitutional methods. Rise of extremist ideologies as a counterpoint. Introduction: … Read more

Examine how the decline of traditional artisan industry in colonial India crippled the rural economy.

Points to Remember: Decline of traditional artisan industries under colonial rule. Impact on rural economy: poverty, unemployment, indebtedness. British policies: deindustrialization, free trade, taxation. Social consequences: loss of livelihoods, migration. Resistance and survival strategies of artisans. Introduction: The colonial period in India (roughly 1757-1947) witnessed a significant decline in traditional artisan industries, profoundly crippling the … Read more

The spirit of tolerance and love is not only an interesting feature of Indian society from very early times, but it is also playing an important part at the present. Elaborate.

Points to Remember: Historical evidence of tolerance and love in India. Contemporary examples of tolerance and love in India. Challenges to tolerance and love in modern India. The importance of preserving and promoting tolerance and love. Introduction: The question asks for an elaboration on the enduring presence of tolerance and love as defining features of … Read more

How do you justify the view that the level of the excellence of the Gupta numismatic art is not at all noticeable in later times?

Points to Remember: Decline of Gupta artistic standards after the empire’s disintegration. Comparison of Gupta coinage with later periods (e.g., post-Gupta, medieval). Factors contributing to the decline: political instability, economic downturn, changing artistic preferences. Exceptions and regional variations in later numismatic art. Introduction: The Gupta Empire (c. 320-550 CE) is renowned for its significant contributions … Read more