Points to Remember: Strategic location of Panipat. Control over trade routes. Fertile land and resources. Access to water sources. Relatively flat terrain suitable for large armies. Introduction: The Third Battle of Panipat, fought in 1761, marked a pivotal moment in Indian history, resulting in the decline of the Maratha Empire and the rise of the … Read more
Points to Remember: The influence of Sufi and medieval mystic saints on Hindu and Muslim societies. Assessment of the extent of their impact on religious ideas, practices, and social structures. Consideration of both direct and indirect influences. Acknowledgment of limitations and counterarguments. Introduction: The question assesses the impact of Sufi and medieval mystic saints on … Read more
Points to Remember: The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) was a highly advanced urban civilization. IVC urban planning demonstrates sophisticated engineering and social organization. Many aspects of IVC urban planning are absent in modern urban planning. The cultural legacy of the IVC is less directly visible in modern urban contexts. Introduction: The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC), … Read more
Points to Remember: Gandhara art’s syncretic nature. Influence of Greco-Roman art on Gandhara sculpture. Specific examples of Roman and Greek influences. The role of Buddhism in shaping Gandhara art. Introduction: Gandhara art, flourishing in the ancient region of Gandhara (present-day northwestern Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan) from the 1st century BCE to the 5th century CE, … Read more
Points to Remember: Taxila’s historical significance as a center of learning. Its geographical advantages and influence. Differences between Taxila and modern universities. Reasons for Taxila’s lack of recognition as a “university” in the modern sense. The enduring legacy of Taxila. Introduction: Taxila, located in present-day Pakistan, was a renowned center of learning from the 5th … Read more