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Points to Remember: Strength (national power): Military, economic, diplomatic capabilities. Peace: Absence of conflict, peaceful conflict resolution mechanisms. Security: Freedom from threats, both internal and external. Interdependence: States rely on each other economically and politically. International organizations: Role of UN, regional bodies in maintaining peace and security. Introduction: International relations (IR) theory grapples with the … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Relationship between CSR and profitability Relationship between CSR and sustainability Evidence supporting and contradicting the statement Potential limitations of CSR initiatives Policy recommendations for promoting effective CSR Introduction: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) refers to a company’s commitment to operate ethically and contribute positively to society. It … Read more

Points to Remember: Integrity: Adherence to moral and ethical principles; soundness of moral character; honesty. Compromise: To settle a dispute by mutual concession; to endanger (something valued) by careless or unwise action. Refusal to be compromised: Unyielding adherence to one’s principles, even under pressure. Introduction: Integrity is a cornerstone of ethical conduct, representing the unwavering … Read more

Points to Remember: Transparency: Openness and accessibility of information. Accountability: Answerability for actions and decisions. Fairness and Justice: Impartial treatment and equitable application of laws. Courage of Conviction: Willingness to act on one’s beliefs, even in the face of opposition. Spirit of Service: Dedication to public good and selfless commitment. Introduction: The Indian Civil Service … Read more

Points to Remember: Conflict of interest arises when an individual’s personal interests clash with their official duties and the public interest. Transparency, robust ethics codes, and effective enforcement mechanisms are crucial for resolving conflicts of interest. Independent oversight bodies and whistleblower protection are vital for accountability. Introduction: Conflict of interest in the public sector is … Read more

Points to Remember: Key features of the Public Services Code as envisioned by the 2nd ARC. Emphasis on ethics, accountability, and efficiency. Mechanisms for implementation and enforcement. Challenges in implementation and potential solutions. Introduction: The Second Administrative Reforms Commission (2nd ARC), established in 2005, played a crucial role in recommending reforms for the Indian administrative … Read more

Points to Remember: Governance encompasses the processes and structures through which societies are managed. Good governance emphasizes effectiveness, accountability, and transparency. Ethical governance integrates moral principles and values into governance processes. Introduction: The terms “governance,” “good governance,” and “ethical governance” are increasingly crucial in discussions about effective and just societies. Governance, in its broadest sense, … Read more

Points to Remember: Impartiality: Treating all individuals and groups equally, without bias or favoritism. Non-partisanship: Remaining neutral and objective, avoiding alignment with any political party or ideology. Public service: The provision of services to the public by government employees and agencies. Socio-political context: The current social and political environment, characterized by increasing polarization and distrust … Read more

Points to Remember: Definition and understanding of Conflict of Interest (COI). Manifestations of COI in public servant decision-making. Mechanisms for resolving COI situations. Examples illustrating COI and its resolution. Introduction: Conflict of Interest (COI) is a situation in which a public servant’s personal interests, or the interests of those close to them, could improperly influence … Read more

Points to Remember: National interest vs. international cooperation Ethical considerations in foreign policy Conflict resolution mechanisms Role of international organizations Examples of successful and unsuccessful approaches Introduction: International relations are often characterized by a pursuit of national self-interest, sometimes at the expense of other nations’ interests. This realist perspective, emphasizing power politics and state sovereignty, … Read more