UPSC CAPF

31. With reference to ‘South Coast of Australia’ which of the following st

With reference to ‘South Coast of Australia’ which of the following statements is/are correct ?

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  • 1. It is situated along the Indian Ocean
  • 2. It experiences rain during its winter months of December and January

Select the answer using the code given below :

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2024
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The correct answer is A) 1 only.
Statement 1 is correct. The southern coast of Australia, including the Great Australian Bight and areas to its west, lies along the Indian Ocean (which some classifications consider part of the Southern Ocean). Statement 2 is incorrect. December and January are summer months in the Southern Hemisphere (including Australia). Parts of the South Coast of Australia, particularly in Western Australia and South Australia, experience a Mediterranean climate characterized by dry summers and wet winters (June to August). Therefore, significant rainfall typically occurs during the Australian winter, not summer (Dec/Jan).
The climate along the South Coast of Australia varies. Western parts have a Mediterranean climate, while central and eastern parts can be more arid or have different rainfall patterns. However, the statement specifies “winter months of December and January”, which are summer months in Australia, making the statement false for the typical Mediterranean climate areas along the south coast known for winter rainfall.

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32. Which one among the following countries is NOT a part of the Arabian P

Which one among the following countries is NOT a part of the Arabian Peninsula ?

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Kuwait
Oman
Libya
Yemen
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2024
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The correct answer is C) Libya.
The Arabian Peninsula is located in Western Asia, bordered by the Red Sea to the west, the Arabian Sea to the south, and the Persian Gulf to the east. Countries that are typically considered part of the Arabian Peninsula include Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, and Bahrain. Libya is geographically located in North Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea to the north.
Libya is part of the Maghreb region of North Africa. While it shares cultural and historical ties with the broader Arab world, its geographical location places it outside the Arabian Peninsula. Kuwait, Oman, and Yemen are all located within the geographical boundaries of the Arabian Peninsula.

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33. Consider the following statements: 1. Black soil is considered suita

Consider the following statements:

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  • 1. Black soil is considered suitable for growing rain-fed crops
  • 2. Black soil can retain moisture for a prolonged period, aiding crops to survive even in dry seasons

With regard to the statements given above which of the following is/are correct ?

Both the statements are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1
Both the statements are correct and statement 2 is NOT the correct explanation of statement 1
Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is false
Statement 1 is false but statement 2 is correct
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The correct answer is A) Both the statements are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1.
Black soil, also known as Regur soil or Vertisol, is characterized by its high clay content and resulting high moisture retention capacity. This property is particularly beneficial for agriculture in areas that rely on rainfall (rain-fed crops), as the soil can store water and provide it to crops during dry periods. Statement 1 correctly identifies black soil as suitable for rain-fed crops, and statement 2 correctly states its ability to retain moisture for prolonged periods, which directly explains its suitability for rain-fed agriculture by mitigating the effects of dry spells.
Black soil is formed from the weathering of basaltic rocks and is common in the Deccan Trap region of India. It is rich in minerals like iron, magnesium, and lime but deficient in nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter. Crops like cotton, sugarcane, jowar, bajra, and groundnut are widely grown in black soils under rain-fed conditions. The high clay content causes black soil to swell when wet and shrink when dry, leading to the formation of cracks, which helps in aeration.

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34. Consider the following statements regarding the temperature of the Ear

Consider the following statements regarding the temperature of the Earth’s surface:

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  • 1. The temperature of a surface is determined by net radiation
  • 2. Net radiation produces a radiant energy flow that can heat or cool a surface
  • 3. Net radiation balance is usually positive during the daytime and negative during night time
  • 4. Soil surface loses energy as temperature increases during the daytime

Which of the statements given above are correct?

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1 and 2 only
3 and 4 only
1, 2 and 3 only
1, 2, 3 and 4
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UPSC CAPF – 2024
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The correct answer is C) 1, 2 and 3 only.
Statements 1, 2, and 3 accurately describe aspects of the Earth’s surface temperature and net radiation. The temperature of a surface is fundamentally determined by the balance of incoming and outgoing energy fluxes, which is often dominated by radiation (net radiation). A positive net radiation leads to a net gain of energy and thus heating, while a negative net radiation leads to a net loss of energy and thus cooling. During the daytime, incoming solar radiation is high, typically resulting in a positive net radiation balance. At night, with no incoming solar radiation, the surface loses energy primarily through longwave radiation, leading to a negative net radiation balance.
Statement 4 is incorrect. During the daytime, as the soil surface temperature increases due to a positive net energy balance, the rate of outgoing longwave radiation and other energy losses (like sensible and latent heat) increases. However, the surface is *gaining* energy overall (positive net radiation minus other fluxes) which *causes* the temperature to increase. The statement “loses energy as temperature increases during the daytime” is misleading and contradicts the fact that the surface is heating up due to a net energy gain.

35. Which of the following processes is/are part of the Rock Cycle? 1. L

Which of the following processes is/are part of the Rock Cycle?

  • 1. Lithification
  • 2. Metamorphism
  • 3. Solidification

Select the answer using the code given below:

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1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
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UPSC CAPF – 2024
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The correct answer is D) 1, 2 and 3.
The Rock Cycle describes the transitions through geologic time among the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. Key processes involved in these transitions include lithification, metamorphism, and solidification (also known as crystallization).
Lithification is the process by which unconsolidated sediments are compacted and cemented together to form sedimentary rocks. Metamorphism involves the transformation of existing rock types (igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks) into metamorphic rocks by heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids. Solidification is the cooling and hardening of molten rock (magma or lava) to form igneous rocks. Weathering, erosion, deposition, melting, and uplift are also crucial processes in the rock cycle, facilitating the transformation and movement of rock material between the different types and locations.

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36. Which one among the following statements about the Singareni Collierie

Which one among the following statements about the Singareni Collieries Company Limited is correct?

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Located at Kothagudem in Telengana, this is the first and the oldest coal mining company in India in the private sector
It has now diversified into thermal and solar power generation, explosive manufacturing for blasting in opencast mines and consultancy works
It has been conferred with 'Navratna' status since 2011
It is the single largest coal producing company in the world
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UPSC CAPF – 2024
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Statement B is the correct statement about Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL).
SCCL is a public sector undertaking jointly owned by the Government of Telangana and the Government of India, not a private sector company. While it is an old company, claiming it is the ‘first and oldest coal mining company’ requires careful historical verification, but it being in the ‘private sector’ is definitively false. SCCL has indeed diversified its operations into thermal and solar power generation, explosives, and consultancy. SCCL is classified as a ‘Mini Ratna’ PSU, not a ‘Navratna’. Coal India Limited (CIL) is the world’s largest coal producer, not SCCL.
Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) are companies owned by the government. Mini Ratna and Navratna are statuses conferred upon certain PSUs based on their performance and autonomy. Diversification is a common strategy for energy companies.

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37. With reference to ‘Black Tigers’, which of the following statements is

With reference to ‘Black Tigers’, which of the following statements is/are correct?

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  • 1. They are also referred to as Melanistic Tigers
  • 2. In India they are found only in Similipal Tiger Reserve in Odisha

Select the answer using the code given below:

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1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2024
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Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.
Tigers with pseudomelanism, where stripes are unusually thick and close, are commonly referred to as ‘Black Tigers’. This is a rare genetic mutation. While sightings or reports might have occurred elsewhere historically or anecdotally, Similipal Tiger Reserve in Odisha is the only known place in India with an established, documented population of tigers exhibiting this pseudomelanism, linked to a specific genetic marker.
The pseudomelanism mutation is caused by a single gene mutation. Research in Similipal has identified the genetic basis for the stripes and the higher frequency of this mutation in that population due to potential inbreeding.

38. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists :

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List I (Ocean Current) List II (Location)
A. Kuroshio Current 1. Antarctic Ocean
B. Agulhas Current 2. Pacific Ocean
C. East Wind Drift 3. Atlantic Ocean
D. Antilles Current 4. Indian Ocean

Code :

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3 4 1 2
3 1 4 2
2 1 4 3
2 4 1 3
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UPSC CAPF – 2024
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The correct match is A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3.
Kuroshio Current is in the North Pacific Ocean. Agulhas Current is in the Indian Ocean off the southeast coast of Africa. East Wind Drift is a current flowing around Antarctica in the Southern Ocean/Antarctic Ocean. Antilles Current is in the Atlantic Ocean, north of the Caribbean Sea.
Ocean currents are major features of ocean circulation patterns and play a crucial role in climate regulation and marine ecosystems. Matching specific currents to their respective ocean basins is a common geography topic.

39. Which one of the following statement with reference to hailstones is N

Which one of the following statement with reference to hailstones is NOT correct ?

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Their formation usually occurs during the monsoon season
They are associated with dense cumulonimbus clouds
Rain that forms in the warmer, upper layer solidifies into tiny ice pellets or hailstones in the lower, subfreezing layer
Hailstones have multiple, concentric layers of ice
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Statement C is NOT correct.
Hailstones form within strong thunderstorms (cumulonimbus clouds). They require strong updrafts that carry water droplets high into the freezing parts of the cloud where they accrete ice. Hailstones grow by repeatedly being lifted and falling through layers with supercooled water before eventually becoming too heavy and falling to the ground. Statement C incorrectly describes rain from warmer upper layers solidifying in lower subfreezing layers; in reality, ice forms and grows in the cold upper parts and can melt as it falls through warmer lower parts, but hailstones are defined as reaching the ground as ice.
Hailstones are characterized by their layered structure, indicating growth by accretion of ice in different conditions. They are indeed associated with intense cumulonimbus clouds. While hailstorms can occur during the monsoon, they are not exclusively or “usually” limited to that season and are common in other thunderstorm-prone periods like pre-monsoon.

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40. If it is 31st December, 2023 in New Zealand, at the same time what wil

If it is 31st December, 2023 in New Zealand, at the same time what will be the date in the Hawaiian Islands and Alaska ?

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Both have 01 January, 2024
Both have 30 December, 2023
31 December, 2023 in Alaska and 01 January, 2024 Hawaiian Islands
31 December, 2023 in Hawaiian Islands and 01 January, 2024 in Alaska
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Both Hawaiian Islands and Alaska will have 30 December, 2023.
The International Date Line (IDL) is located in the Pacific Ocean. New Zealand is west of the IDL, while Hawaii and Alaska are east of the IDL. When travelling eastward across the IDL, one goes back a calendar day. Since New Zealand is ahead in time/date, locations to its east across the IDL will be on the previous day. Considering time zones, New Zealand is significantly ahead (e.g., UTC+12/13), while Hawaii (UTC-10) and parts of Alaska (UTC-9/8) are significantly behind UTC. The large difference in time zones confirms that they would be on the previous day.
New Zealand time zones are roughly 22-23 hours ahead of Hawaii and Alaska time zones depending on the exact locations and daylight saving times. This means that when it is, for instance, noon on Dec 31st in New Zealand, it is early afternoon or evening on Dec 30th in Hawaii and Alaska.

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