Notes and Study material for Exams
Provisions for scheduled castes, Tribes and Minorities CONSITITONAL PROVISIONS FOR SC & ST Constitutional History In the original Constitution, ARTICLE 338 provided for a special officer (the Commissioner for SCs and STs) responsible for monitoring the implementation of constitutional and legislative safeguards for SCs and STs and reporting to the president. Seventeen regional … Read more
Delimitation Commissions: Shaping Electoral Landscapes and Power Dynamics The concept of delimitation, or the redrawing of electoral boundaries, is a fundamental aspect of democratic governance. It ensures fair representation by allocating seats in legislative bodies based on population distribution and other relevant factors. Delimitation commissions, independent bodies tasked with this crucial responsibility, play a pivotal … Read more
Schedule 11 of the Indian Constitution: A Deep Dive into Panchayati Raj Institutions The Indian Constitution, a testament to the nation’s commitment to democratic principles, has undergone numerous amendments over the years to adapt to the evolving needs of the country. One such significant amendment, the 73rd Amendment Act of 1992, introduced Schedule 11, which … Read more
The Complex Landscape of State Taxes: Levied, Collected, and Retained The United States operates under a federal system, where power is shared between the national government and individual states. This division of power extends to the realm of taxation, with both levels of government levying taxes to fund their respective operations. While the federal government … Read more
The Gadgil Committee: A Controversial Blueprint for Western Ghats Conservation The Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, are a biodiversity hotspot, home to a staggering array of flora and fauna. However, this fragile ecosystem faces numerous threats, including deforestation, mining, and unsustainable development. In 2011, the Indian government appointed a committee headed by renowned … Read more
The Battleground of Budgets: Money Bills in State Legislatures The process of crafting and approving state budgets is a complex and often contentious affair. At the heart of this process lie “money bills,” legislation that directly impacts the state’s finances. These bills, often the subject of intense debate and political maneuvering, hold the power to … Read more
The Indian Parliament: A Beacon of Democracy in the World’s Largest Democracy The Indian Parliament, formally known as the Parliament of India, stands as a testament to the country’s commitment to democratic principles. As the supreme legislative body of the Indian republic, it plays a pivotal role in shaping the nation’s laws, policies, and governance. … Read more
The Vital Functions of Parliament: A Pillar of Democracy Parliament, a cornerstone of democratic governance, plays a crucial role in shaping the lives of citizens. It serves as a forum for debate, deliberation, and ultimately, the creation of laws that govern society. This article delves into the multifaceted functions of Parliament, exploring its essential roles … Read more
The Power of People: Exploring the Impact of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are a vital force in the global landscape, playing a crucial role in addressing social, economic, and environmental challenges. These independent, non-profit entities operate outside of government structures, relying on public donations, membership fees, and grants to fund their activities. From … Read more
The Spectrum of Power: Exploring Democratic and Non-Democratic Political Systems The concept of political systems is fundamental to understanding how societies are governed and how power is distributed. While the ideal of democracy holds a prominent place in global discourse, the reality is far more nuanced. Political systems exist on a spectrum, ranging from fully … Read more