Notes and Study material for Exams
Rahul Raj‘Sufism’ is a term used to refer to mystical religious ideas in Islam. It had evolved into a well developed movement by the 11 century. Sufis, Stress on the importance of traversing the path of the Sufi pir enabling one to establish a direct communion with the divine. Sufism or mysticism emerged in the 8 … Read more
Constitutional provisions related to Environment and its Protection The protection and improvement of environment is a constitutional mandate. It is a commitment for a country wedded to the ideas of a welfare State. The Indian Constitution contains specific provisions for environment protection under the chapters of Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Duties. The … Read more
Soil consists of rock and sediment that has been modified by physical and chemical interaction with organic material and rainwater, over time, to produce a substrate that can support the Growth of Plants.” Soils are an important natural resource. They represent the interface between the lithosphere and the Biosphere – as soils provide nutrients for … Read more
The Tenets of Jainism: A Path to Liberation Through Non-Violence and Self-Discipline Jainism, an ancient Indian religion, stands out for its unwavering commitment to non-violence (ahimsa) and its emphasis on self-discipline and spiritual liberation. Its tenets, deeply rooted in ancient wisdom, offer a unique and comprehensive approach to living a meaningful and ethical life. This … Read more
There are five stages in the chronology of the evolution of Public Administration as a discipline; these stages are theoretically driven as encapsulated below: Stage 1: politics administration dichotomy (1887-1926) Stage 2: principles of administration (1927-1937) Stage 3: era of challenge (1938-1947) Stage 4: crises of identity (1948-1970) Stage 5: public policy perspective (1971 … Read more
Folktales and folk legends of Chhattisgarh Raja Nal and Mata Damyanti Damayanti chose Nala for her husband in preference to the gods. This angered one of the demigods, Kali. He caused Nala to lose his kingdom and all his possessions. Nala and Damayanti went into the forest, but got separated. They took up work under … Read more
Unlocking Earth’s Biodiversity: A Journey Through Biogeographic Provinces The Earth’s surface is a tapestry of diverse ecosystems, each teeming with unique life forms. This incredible biodiversity is not randomly distributed, but rather organized into distinct regions known as biogeographic provinces. These provinces are defined by shared evolutionary histories, environmental conditions, and the presence of endemic … Read more
Quality Of Life, life expectancy, Literacy, standard of living and Migration in India Human Development—a comprehensive approach Human development is a process of enlarging people’s choices. But human development is also the objective, so it is both a process and an outcome. Human development implies that people must influence the processes that shape their lives. … Read more
The Divide: Understanding the Difference Between Civil Law and Criminal Law The legal landscape is vast and complex, encompassing a myriad of laws and regulations that govern our daily lives. Within this intricate system, two distinct branches stand out: civil law and criminal law. While both are essential for maintaining order and justice, they differ … Read more