Civil Disobedience Movement and Gandhi-Irwin Pact, 1931- For RAS RTS Mains Exam and Ras Rts Prelims Examination

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The Civil Disobedience Movement was a major campaign of nonviolent resistance in India led by Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress (INC). The movement was launched in 1930 in protest against the British government’s salt monopoly and other colonial policies. The movement was successful in achieving some of its goals, including the release of political prisoners and the granting of some concessions by the British government. However, it also led to violence and repression, and ultimately failed to achieve its ultimate goal of independence for India.

The causes of the Civil Disobedience Movement are complex and varied. However, some of the most important factors include:

• The growing frustration of the Indian people with British rule.
• The economic hardships caused by the Great Depression.
• The rise of Gandhi as a national leader.
• The INC’s adoption of a policy of nonviolent resistance.

The Salt March was a major event in the Civil Disobedience Movement. In March 1930, Gandhi led a group of followers on a 240-mile march to the coastal town of Dandi, where they illegally manufactured salt from seawater. The march was a symbolic protest against the British salt monopoly, and it helped to galvanize support for the Civil Disobedience Movement.

The Chauri Chaura incident was a major setback for the Civil Disobedience Movement. In February 1932, a group of protesters in the town of Chauri Chaura attacked a police station, killing 22 policemen. The incident led to the suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement by Gandhi, who believed that it had become too violent.

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was an agreement signed in March 1931 between Gandhi and the British Viceroy, Lord Irwin. The pact granted some concessions to the Indian people, including the release of political prisoners and the promise of future talks on self-government. However, the pact did not achieve all of the goals of the Civil Disobedience Movement, and it ultimately failed to prevent the outbreak of further violence.

The impact of the Civil Disobedience Movement was significant. The movement helped to raise awareness of the Indian people’s grievances and to pressure the British government to make some concessions. However, the movement also led to violence and repression, and ultimately failed to achieve its ultimate goal of independence for India.

The Civil Disobedience Movement was a major turning point in the history of India’s independence struggle. The movement helped to unite the Indian people against British rule and to raise the profile of the INC as the leading nationalist organization. The movement also helped to prepare the Indian people for the final struggle for independence, which would be achieved in 1947.

The Civil Disobedience Movement was a major nonviolent protest campaign in India led by Mahatma Gandhi against British rule. The movement began in 1930 with the Salt March to Dandi, and continued until 1934. The movement was successful in achieving some of its goals, including the release of political prisoners and the granting of limited self-government to India.

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was an agreement signed between Mahatma Gandhi and Viceroy Lord Irwin in 1931. The pact ended the Civil Disobedience Movement and granted some concessions to the Indian National Congress. However, the pact did not satisfy all of the demands of the Indian people, and the Civil Disobedience Movement resumed in 1932.

Here are some frequently asked questions about the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Gandhi-Irwin Pact:

1. What was the Civil Disobedience Movement?
   The Civil Disobedience Movement was a major nonviolent protest campaign in India led by Mahatma Gandhi against British rule. The movement began in 1930 with the Salt March to Dandi, and continued until 1934. The movement was successful in achieving some of its goals, including the release of political prisoners and the granting of limited self-government to India.

2. What were the causes of the Civil Disobedience Movement?
   The Civil Disobedience Movement was caused by a number of factors, including the economic hardship faced by many Indians, the growing sense of nationalism among the Indian people, and the British government’s refusal to grant India independence.

3. What were the goals of the Civil Disobedience Movement?
   The goals of the Civil Disobedience Movement were to achieve independence for India, to improve the economic conditions of the Indian people, and to end British rule in India.

4. What were the methods used in the Civil Disobedience Movement?
   The methods used in the Civil Disobedience Movement included nonviolent protests, boycotts, and strikes.

5. Who were the leaders of the Civil Disobedience Movement?
   The leaders of the Civil Disobedience Movement included Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Vallabhbhai Patel.

6. What was the outcome of the Civil Disobedience Movement?
   The Civil Disobedience Movement was successful in achieving some of its goals, including the release of political prisoners and the granting of limited self-government to India. However, the movement did not satisfy all of the demands of the Indian people, and the Civil Disobedience Movement resumed in 1932.

7. What was the Gandhi-Irwin Pact?
   The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was an agreement signed between Mahatma Gandhi and Viceroy Lord Irwin in 1931. The pact ended the Civil Disobedience Movement and granted some concessions to the Indian National Congress. However, the pact did not satisfy all of the demands of the Indian people, and the Civil Disobedience Movement resumed in 1932.

8. What were the terms of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact?
   The terms of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact included the release of political prisoners, the granting of limited self-government to India, and the establishment of a Round Table Conference to discuss the future of India.

9. What was the impact of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact?
   The Gandhi-Irwin Pact had a significant impact on the Indian independence movement. The pact helped to bring about a temporary truce between the British government and the Indian National Congress. It also helped to raise the profile of the Indian National Congress and to increase support for the independence movement.

10. What were the criticisms of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact?
    The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was criticized by some for being too lenient on the British government. Others criticized the pact for not going far enough in meeting the demands of the Indian people.

11. What was the legacy of the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Gandhi-Irwin Pact?
    The Civil Disobedience Movement and the Gandhi-Irwin Pact were important events in the history of the Indian independence movement. The movement helped to raise awareness of the Indian independence movement and to increase support for the cause of Indian independence. The pact helped to bring about a temporary truce between the British government and the Indian National Congress. It also helped to pave the way for the Indian independence movement to achieve its ultimate goal of independence.

The Civil Disobedience Movement was a major turning point in the Indian independence struggle. It was launched in 1930 by Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress (INC) in protest against the British government’s salt monopoly. The movement was met with widespread repression by the British, but it ultimately succeeded in forcing the government to make significant concessions to the INC.

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed in March 1931, following the end of the Civil Disobedience Movement. The pact granted the INC a number of concessions, including the release of political prisoners and the lifting of restrictions on civil liberties. However, it did not achieve the INC’s main goal of independence.

The Civil Disobedience Movement and the Gandhi-Irwin Pact were significant events in the history of the Indian independence struggle. They helped to galvanize support for the INC and to bring the British government to the negotiating table. However, they did not achieve the ultimate goal of independence, which was not achieved until 1947.

Here are some MCQs on the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Gandhi-Irwin Pact:

1. The Civil Disobedience Movement was launched in:
   (a) 1920
   (b) 1930
   (c) 1942
   (d) 1947

2. The Civil Disobedience Movement was launched in protest against:
   (a) The British government’s salt monopoly
   (b) The British government’s policy of divide and rule
   (c) The British government’s decision to partition India
   (d) The British government’s decision to abolish the Indian National Congress

3. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed in:
   (a) 1930
   (b) 1931
   (c) 1942
   (d) 1947

4. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact granted the INC a number of concessions, including:
   (a) The release of political prisoners
   (b) The lifting of restrictions on civil liberties
   (c) The right to self-determination
   (d) The right to independence

5. The Civil Disobedience Movement and the Gandhi-Irwin Pact were significant events in the history of the Indian independence struggle because:
   (a) They helped to galvanize support for the INC
   (b) They brought the British government to the negotiating table
   (c) They did not achieve the ultimate goal of independence
   (d) All of the above

The answers to the MCQs are:
1. (b)
2. (a)
3. (b)
4. (a) and (b)
5. (d)