Notes and Study material for Exams
The WTO and Agricultural Subsidies: A Complex Dance of Trade and Politics The World Trade Organization (WTO) plays a crucial role in regulating international trade, aiming to create a level playing field for all participating countries. However, the issue of agricultural subsidies has proven to be a contentious and complex area within the WTO framework, … Read more
Linkages of organized crime with terrorism As organized crime and terrorist groups have globalized and diversified their operations in the past decade, they have based their activities in countries offering conditions most favorable to survival and expansion. Mobility, an important new characteristic of most such groups, has given groups a wider selection of operational bases … Read more
Social Audit: A Powerful Tool for Transparency, Accountability, and Sustainable Development Introduction In an era marked by increasing globalization and interconnectedness, the need for transparency and accountability has become paramount. Businesses, governments, and non-profit organizations are increasingly being held responsible for their actions and their impact on society and the environment. This demand for transparency … Read more
Broad Money: A Deeper Dive into the Monetary Landscape The term “money” is often used casually, but in the realm of economics, it takes on a more nuanced meaning. While we may think of cash in our wallets or the balance in our bank accounts as the entirety of money, economists recognize a broader spectrum … Read more
The Power of Division: Understanding Separation of Powers vs. Division of Powers The concept of dividing governmental power is a cornerstone of modern democratic systems. It aims to prevent tyranny and ensure checks and balances, ultimately protecting individual liberties. However, the terms “separation of powers” and “division of powers” are often used interchangeably, leading to … Read more
The Ghurid occupation of India at the close of the 12 century A.D has shown the seeds of Indo-Islamic Architecture in the Indian Subcontinent . The Muslims having inherited a wealth of varied designs from Sassanian and Byzantine empires and being naturally endowed with good taste for buildings, never failed to adapt to their own … Read more
Patents And Intellectual Property Rights. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) are set of rights associated with creations of the human mind. An output of the human mind may be attributed with intellectual property rights. These are like any other property, and the law allows the owner to use the same to economically profit from the intellectual … Read more
Traditional methods of vaccine production The first human Vaccines against viruses were based using weaker or attenuated viruses to generate immunity. The smallpox vaccine used cowpox, a poxvirus that was similar enough to smallpox to protect against it but usually didn’t cause serious illness. Rabies was the first virus attenuated in a lab to create … Read more